Water Supply Design Course

Prepared by : Eng. Mostafa

Contents
1. Plumbing Introduction
2. Water Supply System Components
3. Water Supply System
4. Potable WS System Design
5. Drinking Chilled WS Design
6. WS System Hydrostatic Test
1.Introduction (Topics)
Water supply & drainage Swimming pools

Jacuzzi Fountains
29/11/2023 www.khatibalami.com

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1.Introduction
Compressed air
(Topics) Medical gases

Fuel System Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

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2.Plumbing Codes
Code Title
NSPC National standard plumbing code
IPC International plumbing code
UPC Uniform plumbing code
ASPE American society of plumbing engineering
EGYPTIAN ‫الكود المصري ألسس تصميم وشروط التنفيذ لهندسة التركيبات الصحة‬
CODE 301‫في المباني كود‬
HTM-02 Health technical memoranda
NFPA-99 Health care facilities code
NFPA-54 National fuel code
IFGC International fuel gas code
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Design procedure
Tanks

Pumps
Equipment
Heaters

Treatment
Design
units

Pipes
Piping
Valves www.khatibalami.com
Water Supply System
The water network of building/project is being supplied by using one or

more of the following sources:

1. Municipal (City-potable) Water Network Directly

2. Underground Water Tank

3. Roof Water Tank

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Water Tank
1. Municipal (City-potable) Water Network Directly

To apply this system:

1-Does the project need

continuous supply of water

2-Tie in point diameter and

compare with project required

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Water Tank
2-Roof top Water Tank(Indirect supply)

To apply this system:

1-Structure and architectural

approval for roof tank

2-pressure of water is sufficient

for all floors(specially most

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Water Tank
3-Underground Water Tank(Indirect supply)
To apply this system:

1-underground water tank are used when a

continuous supply of water is needed (Hospitals-

Hotels)

2-also water tank is needed if the project has high

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Water Tank

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Water Tank
Tank

Undergroun
Roof Ground
d

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Water Tank (Martial)
1- Concrete tanks.
2- Steel tanks.
3- PPr tanks. ( most popular these days)
4- Sectional Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

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Water Tank (Martial)
SN Tank Type Advantages Disadvantages
 Come in many different sizes, shapes, colors, combinations and  For GRP, at the end of their life-cycle
with multiple connection possibilities. (known to be more than 30 years), proper
 Lightweight making them easier to transport, position or move recycling is necessary.
according to necessity. No heavy equipment necessary.  High fire risk – It is important to note that
 Lightweight doesn’t mean weak. Quality poly water tanks are built most tanks including poly tanks risk
to withstand harsh climate conditions and resist UV damage. failure in a fire, just as any building, pump
 Adaptable and easy to relocate. or pipework would, unless they are in a
 Built as a one-piece construction, meaning there are no seams to fire break zone.
Plastic and
cause weak points.  For volumes more than 500 m3 the tanks
Fiberglass
 100% resistant to rust and corrosion. will be mainly consisting of panel pieces
1 Water Tank
 Faster, easier, and cheaper installation. In fact, out of all water that require to be connected together,
(GRP,PPR &
tank materials, poly is the easiest to install. these panels provide ability for having
FRP)
 Plastic Poly water tanks don’t leach any chemicals or lime that large volumes tanks, panels dimensions
may impart a taste in the water or damage the material through are as per the manufacturer productions.
pores on the walls of the tank.  For FRP, Requires an external UV-resistant
 FRP is long live material. gelcoat. If this coating is damaged, it can
reduce the life of the tank.

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Water Tank (Martial)
SN Tank Type Advantages Disadvantages
 There are many sizes and capacities available and  Steel water tanks are protected from corrosion but are
they can withstand harsh conditions including much more expensive than galvanized steel.
fire.  Galvanized steel is coated with zinc for protection against
 Material is UV resistant. corrosion. They're also sold with food-grade polyethylene
 Tanks structure is from steel panels designed to liners to prevent the zinc from mixing with the liquid
be connected together, which provides the ability contents, consequently giving water a metallic taste.
Steel Water for constructing high storage volumes tanks by Overtime, the liner could break and need repair. You need
2 increasing the number of panels. to be more cautious when cleaning this type of tank so as
Tanks
not to damage the lining.
 Steel tanks cannot be placed underground.

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Water Tank
• Roof tanks should be elevated enough above roof level to have
enough pressure for the upper apartment , otherwise booster
pump is needed.

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Water Tank (piping)

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 Potable water tank sizing
timate the required water capacity the following factors should be know

quired water demand for occupants according to the application

mber of occupants and equipment

ter storage duration

Demand
Applicatio No of Storage Tank
Per
n capita days volume
Capita

Tank Volume = No of capita X demand/capita X Storage days

Storage days : 1 day for elevated tank & 2days for ground/underground
tanks (depend on project nature and water stability and designer
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NO.of Capita from NFPA101

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NO.of Capita from NFPA101

Application
 No. of capita area
= Occupant
load

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NO.of Capita from ASHRAE 62.1

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Demand per Capita from From
Practical plumbing design guide

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Demand per Capita from From ASPE

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Demand per Capita from From
Egyptian code

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Water tank pipe size

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Water pumps

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Water pumps (Dynamic Pumps –
Centrifugal)

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Water pumps (Dynamic Pumps –
Centrifugal – Performance Curve)

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Water pumps (Dynamic Pumps –
Centrifugal – Performance Curve)

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Water pumps (Dynamic Pumps –
Centrifugal – Performance Curve)

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Water pumps (Dynamic Pumps –
Centrifugal – usage)

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Potable water pumps (Flow)
To design any pump two parameters shall be calculated (Flow & Head
& Power)
1) Transfer (Filling) pump Flow Calculation

Tank Volume
Pump Flow
= Filling Time

• Filling Time : Taken between 4 to 8 hr.

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Potable water pumps (Flow)
2) Booster pump Flow Calculation
a) Tabulate No. of fixture of each type serviced by the pump
b) Get fixture unit (WSFU) for each type [from table]
c) Multiply WSFU for each fixture to their No.
Fixtures
d) Sum total WSFU for all fixtures
e) Convert WSFU value to gallon/minute (gpm) [from table]
f) From previous step get pump flow in any unit required

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Potable water pumps (Flow)
2) Booster
2) Boosterpump
pump Flow
Flow Calculation
Calculation – Water supply Fixture Unit (WSFU) Tables

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Potable water pumps (Flow)
2) Booster pump Flow Calculation – WSFU conversion to gpm tables

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Potable water pumps (Head)
Pump Head = Residual head + head losses + static head

1) Residual Head

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Potable water pumps (Head)
Pump Head = Residual head + head losses + static head

2) Head Losses

a) Pipe Friction Losses

b) Fitting Losses
c) Filter & other
treatment units
losses (if found)
 Note :
Friction losses can roughly
considered as 6m/100m
of longest pipe path
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Potable water pumps (Head)
Pump Head = Residual head + head losses + static head

2) Head Losses

a) Pipe Friction Losses

b) Fitting Losses
c) Filter & other treatment
units losses (if found)

 Note :
You can assume that Fitting
losses equal to 50% of pipe
friction losses

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Potable water pumps (Head)
Pump Head = Residual head + head losses + static head

2) Head Losses

a) Pipe Friction Losses

b) Fitting Losses
c) Filter & other
treatment units
losses (if found)

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Potable water pumps (Head)
Pump Head = Residual head + head losses + static head

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Potable water pumps (Head)
Pump Head = Residual head + head losses + static head

3) Static Head

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Potable water pumps (power)

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Potable water pumps

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Piping

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Piping(material)
• There is various piping materials to be used for water service piping
and water distribution piping.
• Generally, the most popular materials are:

a) Water Service Pipe

1. Type K copper tubing
2. Steel pipe
3. PVC plastic pipe
4. Polypropylene plastic pipe [PP-R] (common)
5. Pex (Cross Linked Polyethylene)

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Piping(material)
 Difference Between SDR and PN and PE and CL and Schedule ?

Item Definition
SDR is the "Standard Dimensional Ratio" and refers to the geometry of the
pipe. SDR is defined as the ratio of the nominal outside diameter to the
nominal wall thickness.
SDR = dn/en (dn=nominal outside dia. & en=nominal thickness)
(ex. SDR 11 – SDR 9 …...)
PN “Pressure Nominal” indicates the pressure in bars the pipe can support
with water at 20 oC (ex. PN16 = 16bar)
PE “Polyethylene” pipes are classified by the type of material used
PE 100, PE 80, PE63, PE 40 or PE 32
CL PVC pipe types labeled “Class” (abbreviated “CL“) are based on the pipe’s
pressure rating. Cl 200 PVC pipe is rated for 200 PSI of water pressure.
Schedule The schedule number on pipe products relates to the thickness of the wall
on the pipe: as the number increases, the thicker the wall thickness
becomes.
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(ex. Sch.40 – sch.80)
Piping(material)
 Difference Between SDR and PN and PE and CL and Schedule ?

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Piping(insulation)
• Required for energy conservation for all hot water piping.
• To prevent condensation on cold water pipes.

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Piping(Fittings)

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Piping(Fittings)

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Piping(Valves)
• Required where pressure exceeds 80 psi (4.5bar)
• High water pressures can damage plumbing fixtures, cause
leaks

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Piping(Valves)
• “Angle valve” required at each plumbing fixture such as
(WC, Lav)

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Piping(Valves)
• “wall concealed valve” required at toilet water inlet

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Piping(Valves)
• required at main pipes and pump rooms & toilets main inlet.....
etc.

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Piping(Valves)
• required at main pipes and pump rooms ..... etc.

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Piping(Valves)
• For adjusting hot water return flow rate to force hot water return
from farthest point.

[Balance valve =
globe+check+gate]
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Piping(Valves)
• required to control water level in tanks
• Types : 01- Mechanical

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Piping(Valves)
• required to control water level in tanks
• Types : 02- Electrical

Valve Open Valve

Closed

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Piping(Valves)
• required for air bleeding from the system

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Piping(Valves)
• For connecting hoses.
• Vacuum breakers required to prevent backflow.

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Piping(Valves)
• Quick closing valves cause water pressure shock waves, causing
pipe noise and vibration, as well as possible damage.
• Water hammer arrestors absorb excess pressure, and are required
near all quick closing valves such as WC with flush valve.

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Piping(Valves)

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Piping(Valves)

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water Piping Design
 To design any pipe
 Required Fixture type
 Required Fixture No. of each type
 Assuming velocity inside pipe between 4 to 8 ft/s (1.2 to
2.4m/s)
 For velocity for branches taken as 1.5m/s & for risers taken
as 2m/s
 Get pipe size

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water Piping Design
Pipe size (in) PP-R (mm) CU (mm)
1/2 20 15
3/4 25 22
1 32 28
1¼ 40 35
1½ 50 42
2 63 54
2½ 75 67
3 90 76
4 110 108
6 160 150
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water Piping Design
 To design any pipe
 Example : Calculate pipe size for each fixture and toilet tie-in for toilet have
following
 1 lavatories (LAV)
 1 water closets – Flush tank (WC)
 1 Shower (SH)
 1 Bathtub (BT)
HWR
HW
CW

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing

 To design any
pipe
 Answer :
2) Pipe sizing (Method-
1) Q=AXV
A = (3.14/4) X d2
d = √ (Q/V) X
(4/3.14)
V = 1.5m/s

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing
 To design any pipe
 Answer :
2) Pipe sizing (Method-2 – ASPE code)

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water Piping Design
 Water Pipe Sizing
 To design any pipe
 Answer :
2) Pipe sizing (Method-2 - ASPE code)

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Thank You

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