Light Presentation

Light and Sound
In this unit:
1) Properties of light
2) Reflection
3) Colours
4) Refraction
5) Properties of sound
6) Hearing
Part 1 – Properties of
Light
Light travels in straight lines:
Laser
Light travels VERY FAST – around
300,000 kilometres per second.
At this speed it can

go around the world
8 times in one
second.
Light travels much faster than sound. For
example:
1) Thunder and
lightning start at the
same time, but we
will see the lightning
first.
2) When a starting pistol

is fired we see the
smoke first and then
hear the bang.
We see things because they
reflect light into our eyes:
Homework
Luminous and non-luminous objects
A luminous object is one that produces light.

A non-luminous object is one that reflects
light.
Luminous objects Reflectors

Shadows
Shadows are places where light is “blocked”:
Rays of
light
Properties of Light
summary
1) Light travels in straight lines
2) Light travels much faster than sound
3) We see things because they reflect
light into our eyes
4) Shadows are formed when light is
blocked by an object
Part 2 - Reflection
Reflection from a mirror:
Normal
Incident ray Reflected ray
Angle of Angle of
incidence reflection
Mirror
The Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = Angle of

reflection
In other words, light gets reflected from a surface at
____ _____ angle it hits it.
The
same !
!!
Clear vs. Diffuse Reflection
Smooth, shiny surfaces

have a clear
reflection:
Rough, dull surfaces

have a diffuse
reflection.
Diffuse reflection is
when light is scattered
in different directions
Using mirrors
Two examples:
2) A car
headlight
1) A periscope
Colour
White light is not a single colour; it is
made up of a mixture of the seven
colours of the rainbow.
We can demonstrate this

by splitting white light
with a prism:
This is how rainbows are

formed: sunlight is “split
up” by raindrops.
The colours of the rainbow:
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
Adding colours
White light can be split up to make separate
colours. These colours can be added together
again.
The primary colours of light are red, blue and

green:
Adding blue and Adding blue and
red makes green makes cyan
magenta (purple) (light blue)
Adding red Adding all

and green three makes
makes yellow white again
Seeing colour
The colour an object appears depends on the
colours of light it reflects.
For example, a red book only reflects red light:
White Only red

light light is
reflected
A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light
(and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and
blue):
Purple light
A white hat would reflect all seven colours:
White
light
Using coloured light
If we look at a coloured object in coloured
light we see something different. For
example, consider a football kit:
Shirt looks red
White
light
Shorts look blue

In different colours of light this kit would look different:
Red
Shirt looks red
light
Shorts look
black
Shirt looks
Blue black
light
Shorts look
blue
Some further examples:
Colour object
Object Colour of light
seems to be
Red Red
Red socks Blue Black
Green Black
Red Black
Blue teddy Blue
Green
Red
Green camel Blue
Green
Red
Magenta
Blue
book
Green
Using filters
Filters can be used to “block” out different colours of
light:
Red
Filte
r
Magen
ta
Filter
Investigating filters
Colour of filter Colours that could be
“seen”
Red
Green
Blue
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow
Red Blue Green White
Yellow Cyan Magen

ta
Refraction
Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to

travelling in a different _________. A medium is
something that waves will travel through. When a
pen is placed in water it looks like this:
In this case the light rays are slowed down by the

water and are _____, causing the pen to look odd.
The two mediums in this example are ______ and
_______.
Sound – The basics
We hear things when they vibrate.
If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates

very ______) we say it has a _____ pitch.
If something vibrates with a low frequency (vibrates
______) we say it has a ____ pitch.
The lowest frequency I could hear was…
Words – slowly, low, high, quickly

Drawing sounds…
This sound wave

has a _____
frequency:
This sound wave

has a ___
_frequency:
Drawing sounds…
This sound wave

has a _____
amplitude (loud):
This sound wave

has a _____
amplitude (quiet):
Hearing problems
Our hearing range can be damaged by

several things:
1) Too much ear wax!

2) Damage to the auditory nerve
3) Illness or infections
4) Old age (not like Mr Richards)
Other sound effects…
Like light, sound can be…
1) Reflected – sound reflections are called

______.
2) Refracted – this is why you might sound
strange if you try talking underwater
The Ear
Label your diagram with the following:
These bones are vibrated by the eardrum

This tube carries the sound towards the eardrum
This part is used to help us keep our balance
This part “picks up” the vibrations
This part of the ear contains many small hairs with turn
vibrations into an electrical signal
This part connects the ear to the mouth
This part “channels” the sound towards the ear drum
The Ear

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Light and Sound

Light travels in straight lines:

At this speed it can

2) When a starting pistol

A luminous object is one that produces light.

Luminous objects Reflectors

Incident ray Reflected ray

Angle of incidence = Angle of

Smooth, shiny surfaces

Rough, dull surfaces

We can demonstrate this

This is how rainbows are

The primary colours of light are red, blue and

Adding red Adding all

For example, a red book only reflects red light:

White Only red

A white hat would reflect all seven colours:

Shirt looks red

Shorts look blue

Yellow Cyan Magen

Refraction is when waves ____ __ or slow down due to

In this case the light rays are slowed down by the

If something vibrates with a high frequency (vibrates

The lowest frequency I could hear was…

Words – slowly, low, high, quickly

This sound wave

This sound wave

This sound wave

This sound wave

Our hearing range can be damaged by

1) Too much ear wax!

Like light, sound can be…

1) Reflected – sound reflections are called

These bones are vibrated by the eardrum

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Refraction is when waves __ or slow down due to