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Hierarchical Routing

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Keerthi. Priya
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43 views7 pages

Hierarchical Routing

Uploaded by

Keerthi. Priya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HIERARCHICAL

ROUTING
HIERARCHI
AL
ROUTING
What is hierarchical routing?
■ In hierarchical routing, the routers are divided into regions.
Each router has complete details about how to route packets
to destinations within its own region
■ .But it does not have any idea about the internal structure of
other regions.
■ In hierarchical routing, routers are classified in groups called
regions.
■ Each router has information about the routers in its
own region and it has no information about routers in
other regions.
■ So, routers save one record in their table for every other
region.
■ For huge networks, a two-level hierarchy may be insufficient
hence, it may be necessary to group the regions into
■ Every router needs to save some information about other
routers.
■ When network size is growing, the number of routers in
the network will increase.
■ Therefore, the size of routing table increases, then routers
cannot handle network traffic as efficiently.
■ To overcome this problem we are using hierarchical
routing.
■ Hierarchical routing is the procedure of arranging routers
in a hierarchical manner.
■ Hierarchical routing greatly increases the scalability of
routing in ad hoc networks by increasing the robustness of
routes.
■ Highly scalable, able to handle expansive networks with
Example:-
Consider an example of two-level hierarchy with
five regions as shown in figure −
■ Let see the full routing table for router 1A which has 17 entries, as shown below −
■ Full Table for 1A
■ Dest. Line Hops
■ 1A - -
■ 1B 1B 1
■ 1C 1C 1
■ 2A 1B 2
■ 2B 1B 3
■ 2C 1B 3
■ 2D 1B 4
■ 3A 1C 3
■ 3B 1C 2
■ 4A 1C 3
■ 4B 1C 4
■ 4C 1C 4
■ 5A 1C 4
■ 5B 1C 5
■ 5C 1B 5
■ 5D 1C 6
– 5E 1C 5
■ When routing is done hierarchically then there will be only 7 entries as shown
below-
Hierarchical Table for 1A
Dest. Line Hops
1A - -
1B 1B 1
1C 1C 1
2 1B 2
3 1C 2
4 1C 3
5 1C 4
■ Unfortunately, this reduction in table space comes with the
increased path length.
■ Advantages of hierarchical routing:
■ The biggest advantage of hierarchical routing is its scalability.
■ Smaller sizes of routing tables.
■ Substantially lesser calculations and updates of routing tables.
■ Disadvantage :
■ Once the hierarchy is imposed on the network, it is followed
and
■ possibility of direct paths is ignored. This may lead to
sub optimal routing.
■ Complexity: Hierarchical routing protocols tend to be more
intricate compared to flat routing protocols. The presence of
additional layers and segments necessitates more extensive
configuration, posing potential challenges in implementation.

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