Introduction to Abbas Hussain

computer Lecturer.
Bahauddin Zakariya
science University, Multan

https://sites.google.com/view/abbashussain

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.

Outline
• What is computer?
• Components of Computer
• Hardware
• Software
• System Software
• Application Software

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.

 What is computer?

Computer is an electronic machine that

is designed to work with Information.
The word COMPUTER is derived from
the Latin word ‘COMPUTARE’, which
means to calculate or programmable
machine.

[1] Computer

[1] Computer - types (no date) Tutorialspoint. Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_types.htm (Accessed: 25 August 2023).

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 What is computer?
Important Terms:
Digital Information: Digital refers to a type of electronic signal
that is processed, sent and stored into discreate parts (bits), rather
than an analog signal, which is a series of electronic pluses in a
continues wave.

These discrete parts are represented by ON and OFF electrical

states, which in turn correspond to the digits 1 (ON) and 0 (OFF).

In a computer, this system of 1s and 0s corresponding to ON and

OFF the electrical currents represents all information.

[2] Analog vs Digital Signals

So, Computer use digital information, and computer technology in
general is considered digital technology.
[2] Libretexts (2021) Digital and analog signals, Engineering LibreTexts. Available at: https://eng.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/IFSC_4399_-_The_Internet_of_Things_%28IoT%29/Digital_and_analog_signals
(Accessed: 25 August 2023).

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.

 What is computer?
• Digital Processing: It occurs within a miniature
electrical circuits fixed onto a training square of
silicon or any other material called a chip.
As the digital cameras, cell phones, electronic coffee
makers and computers all contain electronic chip.

The electronic chip within a general-purpose computer

on the other hand contain program that allow the user to
perform a range of complex process and calculations.

For example, a computer containing a word processing

program allow user to create, edit and print the various
documents.

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.

 What is computer?
A computer, therefore, is defined as an electronic device that:
• Operates under the control of a set of instructions called a program that is sorted
in its memory.
• Accepts data that a user supplies (input).
• Manipulate that data according to the program instruction.
• Produce the results (output).
• Store the result for future use.

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.

 What is computer?
How computer works? Computer are designed to accept data that user:
• Enters data
• Process data (according to the program instructions)
• Provide Output (Results, Processed data)

What is data?
Data is raw, unorganized the facts and Figures.

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 What is computer?
Types of Data: There are 4 types of data.

Text Data: Contains Alphabetic letters, numbers and special characters.

Graphic Data: Contains Images, Photographs, Mathematical charts and drawings.
Audio Data: Contains sounds such as voice and music.
Video Data: Contains moving pictures and images like video conference, film and clips.

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 What is computer?
Information Processing Cycle:

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 Components of Computer
• A computer system consist of two broad categories of components
1. Hardware: it includes all of the psychical components that make up the system unit plus the other devices
connected to it.

2. Software: It consists of programs containing the instructions that direct the operation of the computer
system and program that enable user to perform specific application such as word processing.

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 Components of Computer
Hardware:
As hardware are physical components like keyboard, mouse, camera and printer. some devices such
as monitor, and hard disk drive are the essential component of personal computer.
Hardware devices are grouped into the following categories:

• System unit
• Input devices
• Output devices
• Storage devices
• Communication devices

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 Components of Computer
System Unit:
In the system unit it is relatively small plastic or metal
cabinet that contained the electronic component that
process the data into information.

Inside the Cabinet the main circuit board is called

motherboard.

The main components of the motherboards are central

processing units CPU also called the microprocessor that
actually read, interpret and execute the instructions that
operate the computer and perform specific computing
tasks.

Motherboard

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 Components of Computer
Input Devices:
An input device is hardware device that allows the user to enter program instructions data and command
into a computer for example a microphone, keyboard and mouse, touch panel, scanner are the common type
of input devices

Keyboard and Mouse Microphone

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.

 Components of Computer
Output Devices:
It makes information available to users, mostly output devices include display screens like monitors, LCD,
television, printer and speakers, projector.

Some output devices produce the output in hard copy like printer produce output in tangible form. and some
devices produce output in a soft form like monitors LCD, Television and speakers

Monitor and LCD Television / Smart TV Printer

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 Components of Computer
Storage Devices:
A device that allowed to store program, data and information permanently. Once stored information can be
retrieved, modified, displayed, imported, exported copied or printed.

Storage devices

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 Components of Computer
Communication Devices:
A communication device makes it possible for a user to communicate with another computer and to exchange
instructions data and information with other computer users.

Modem
Smartphone

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 Components of Computer
Software:
Software is a set of instructions and data that enables
a computer or device to perform specific tasks or
functions.

• System Software
• Application Software:

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 Components of Computer
System Software:
System software is a fundamental type of computer
software that manages and controls hardware,
providing a platform for running application
software.

• Windows
• macOS
• Linux
• iOS
• Android System Software

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 Components of Computer
Application Software:
Application software is computer software designed for
specific tasks or user-oriented applications, such as word
processing, spreadsheet management, or video editing.

• Word Processing: Microsoft Word, Google Docs,

• Spreadsheet Management: Microsoft Excel, Google
Sheets
• Presentation Software: Microsoft PowerPoint, Google
Application Software
Slides
• Graphics Design: Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW,
• Video Editing: Adobe Premiere Pro

Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan.