MODULE

9
Problem Solving in ICT,
Big Data Analytics and AI
JANDEL
DELA
CRUZ
B. BIG DATA
ANALYTICS
Big Data is a collection of data that is
huge in volume, yet growing
exponentially with time. It is data with
so large size and complexity that none
of the traditional data management
tools can store it or process it
efficiently. Big data is also data but
with huge size.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
Volum
e
BIG DATA
Variet
Veloci
y

Velocity
Variabili
ty
ty

The name Big Data The next aspect of – The term 'velocity This refers to the
itself is related to an Big Data is its refers to the speed of inconsistency which can
enormous size. The variety. Variety generation of data. How be shown by the data at
size of data plays a refers to fast the data times,
very crucial role in heterogeneous is generated and thus hampering the
determining the sources and the processed to meet the process of being able to
value out of data. nature of data, both demands, determines handle and manage the
 TYPES OF BIG
STRUCTUDATA
UNSTRUCT
RED URED
is information that is
unorganized and does not fall
data consists of information into a predetermined model or
already managed by the format. It includes data
organization in gathered from social media
databases and spreadsheets; it sources, which help institutions
is frequently numeric. gather information on customer
needs.
 BENEFITS OF BIG DATA
PROCESSING
Businesses can utilize Better operational
Improved customer
outside intelligence while efficiency
service Early identification
taking decisions Big Data technologies can
Traditional customer of risk to the
Access to social data be used for creating a
feedback systems are product/services, if
from search engines and staging area or landing
getting replaced by new any
sites like Facebook, zone for new data before
systems designed with
Twitter is enabling identifying what data
Big Data technologies. In
organizations to fine-tune should be moved to the
these new systems, Big Big Data analytics examples: stock
their business strategies. data warehouse.
exchanges,
Data and natural
C.
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENC
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to

E
the simulation of human
intelligence in machines that are
programmed to think like humans
and mimic their actions. The term
may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits
associated with a human mind
such as learning and problem-
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
CATEGORIES:
WEAK ARTIFICIAL STRONG ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

embodies a system designed to are systems that carry on the

carry out one particular job. tasks considered to be
Weak AI systems include video human-like. These tend to be
games such as the chess more complex and complicated
example from above and systems. They are programmed
personal to handle situations in which
assistants such as Amazon's they may be required to
Alexa and Apple's Siri. problem solve without having a
MODULE
Recent and Emerging
10
Technologies & Some
Grand Challenges in ICT
A. RECENT AND
EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to
the billions of physical devices around
the world that
are now connected to the internet, all
collecting and sharing data.
The Internet of things (IoT) describes
the network of physical objects
—"things"—that are
embedded with sensors, software, and
other technologies to connect and
 IOT BENEFITS TO
ORGANIZATIONS
make better generate more
onitor their overall save time and
business decisions; revenue.
business money;
and
processes; enhance employee
productivity;
improve the
customer
integrate and
experience
IoT encourages (CX);to rethink the ways they approach their
companies adapt business
businesses and gives them the tools to improve their business
models;
strategies.ubheading
 PROS AND CONS
PROS OF IOT CONS As the number of connected devices
increases and more information is shared
 =ability to access information from anywhere at
between devices, the potential that a
any time on any device;
hacker could steal confidential information
= improved communication between connected
also
electronic devices;
increases.
Enterprises may eventually have to deal
= transferring data packets over a connected
network saving time and money; and with massive numbers -- maybe even
 =automating tasks helping to improve the millions -- of IoT devices, and collecting and
quality of a business's services and reducing the managing the data from all those devices
need for human intervention. will be challenging.
 If there's a bug in the system, every
connected device will likely become
corrupted.
GRAPHICS
A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a

PROCESSING
chip or electronic circuit capable of
rendering
graphics for display on an electronic
UNIT
device. The GPU was introduced to
the wider market in 1999 and is best
known for its use in providing the
smooth graphics that consumers
expect in modern videos and games.
NEURAL
is a specialized circuit that
PROCESSING UNIT
implements all the necessary control
and arithmetic logic necessary to

(NPU)
execute machine learning algorithms,
typically by operating on predictive
models such as artificial neural
networks (ANNs) or random forests
(RFs).
 CLASSIFICATION
TRAINING INFERENCE -

NPUs designed to accelerate training is NPUs designed to accelerate

designed to accelerate the curating of new inference operate on complete
models. This is a highly compute-intensive models.
operation that involves inputting an existing Inference accelerators are designed
dataset (typically tagged) and iterating over to input a new piece of data (e.g., a
the dataset, adjusting model weights and new camera shot), process it
biases to ensure an ever-more accurate through the already trained model,
model. Correcting a wrong prediction and generate a result.
involves propagating back through the layers
 CHALLENGE OF
ICT
Natural intelligence (NI) is the opposite of artificial
intelligence: it is all the systems of control present in
biology. Normally when we think of NI we think about
how an animal or human brains function, but there is
more to natural intelligence than neuroscience. Nature
also demonstrates non-neural control in plants and
protozoa, as well as distributed intelligence in
colony species like ants, hyenas, and humans. Our
behavior co evolves with the rest of our bodies, and in
response to our changing environment. Understanding
natural intelligence
requires understanding all of these influences on
 IOT CHALLENGES

1. Security 2. Regulation 3. Compatibility 4. Bandwidth 5. Customer

expectations
 CHALLENGES IN DEEP
LEARNING
e. Neural networks
a. Lots and lots of c. Hyperparameter
are essentially a
data Optimization
Blackbox
d. Requires high-
performance
b. Overfitting in
hardware
neural networks
f. Lack of Flexibility
and Multitasking