Biorefinery

WELCOME
BIOREFINERY
Guided by Presented by
SARIKA P ANANDHU SANTHOSH
ROLL NO:16
CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• IMPORTANCE
• DEFINITION
• BIOREFINERY CONCEPT
• FIRST BIOREFINERY IN INDIA
• COMPARISION WITH OIL REFINERY
• CLASSIFICATION OF BIORRFINERY
• TYPES OF BIOREFINERY
• MERITS AND DEMERITS
• CHALLENGES
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
• A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial

byproducts (such as chemicals).
• Biorefinery is analogous to today’s petroleum refinery.
• Maximize the utilization of biomass and minimize waste generation.
• Contribute to the development of a sustainable bio- based economy.

IMPORTANCE
• Growing market
• Finite availability of fossil fuel resources.
• Reality of climate change and need to reduce greenhouse gases.
• Need to stimulate growth with in rural economies.

Definition of biorefining
The International Energy Agency Bioenergy

Task 42 defined biorefining as:
"the sustainable processing of biomass into a
spectrum of bio-based products like food, feed,
chemicals, materials and bioenergy like
biofuels, power and/or heat".
BIOREFINERY CONCEPT
First biorefinery in India
• The country's first biorefinery plant situated at Rahu in pune district.

• This plant can produce 1 million liters of ethanol per annum by processing of
biomass.
• The refinery paves the way for a 20% increase in ethanol blending programme and
can reduce the import burden of crude petroleum.
Comparison with traditional oil refinery
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOREFINERY
1.Platforms - Refers to intermediates from final product
are derived.
The most important intermediates are:
• Biogas
• Syngas
• Hydrogen
• C6 and C5 Sugar
• Lignin
• Pyrolysis liquid
• Oil
• Electricity and heat
2.Products - According to the conversion of biomass in an
energetic or non- energetic product.
Energy-driven biorefinery systems

1. Material-driven biorefinery systems
3. Feedstock
• Dedicated feedstocks (Sugar crops, starch crops,
lignocellulosic crops, oil-based crops, grasses, marine
biomass); and
• Residues (oil-based residues, lignocellulosic residues,

organic residues and others)
4.Processes - Conversion process to transform biomass
into a final product.
1. Mechanical/physical
2. Biochemical
3. Chemical processes
4. Thermochemical
TYPES OF BIOREFINERY
1. Whole crop biorefinery
• It is based on dry or wet milling of biomass

such as cereals: rye, wheat and maize.
• First step is the mechanical separation into

grain and straw fractions.
• Both streams will be further processed

separately.
2. Green biorefinery
• This is based on the pressurization of

wet biomass such as green grasses
(miscanthus) and green Crops (clover)
• Resulting in a fiber rich press cake and

nutrient rich press juice.
3. Two platform concept biorefinery
• Based on fractionation of biomass into

sugar(cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin.
• Include sugar and syngas platforms

4. Lignocellulosic feedstock biorefinery
• This is based on the fractionation of

lignocellulosic-rich biomass sources into the
intermediate output streams cellulose,
hemicellulose and lignin.
• Lignocellulosic-rich biomass is expected to

become the most important biomass source of
the future.
5.Thermochemical biorefinery
• It involves torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification and HTU or HTL (Hydrothermal

upgrading or hydrothermal liquefaction).
• Biomass derived intermediates (example char, pyrolysis oil, torrefaction pellets,

syngas, HTU-derived biocrude) could be conditioned and then could be
introduced into these existing capital-intensive infrastructures.
6. Marine / Algae biorefinery
• This is based on aquatic (micro and

macro-algae) biomass.
• Microalgae can be cultivated on

freshwater, wastewater as well as marine
water while Macroalgae can only be
cultivated on marine water.
MERITS
• Renewable resources
• CO2 neutral conversion & mitigation of climate
• Conservation of fossil fuels
• Efficient, eco-friendly and cost effective
• Energy security and biofuel production
• Greenhouse gas emissions reduction and climate change benefits
• Sustainable waste management
• Valuable bio chemicals
• Rural economic development
DEMERITS
• Insecure biomass feedstock supply

• Indefinite biomass availability
• Biomass transportation costs
• New technology/process adaptation
• Global monitoring and production control
• Low energy density (bulk density) and calorific value
• Technological problems during processing
• Regional and seasonal availability and local energy supply
CHALLENGES
• Collection • Financial support

• Storage • Capital investment
• Pre-treatment • Energy demand
• Transportation • Water demand
• Post-processing
CONCLUSION
• The biorefinery concept overcomes problems arising from the generation of

residues by giving them new value.
• A significant increase in profitability and competitiveness over petrochemical
equivalents will be achieved –
• By deriving greater efficiency from generating multiple-products.
• By reduction in dependency on food crops by using a broader range of
biomass resources.
• By creating value in something which initially lacked any such value.
REFERENCES
• Biorefinery : Integrated Sustainable Processes for Biomass by S. Venkata Mohan, Sunitta

Vajrani, 2018
• Biorefinery : A Sustainable Approach for the Production of Biomaterials by Juan-Rodrigo,
Jens Schmidit, 2019
• Bio-based chemicals and materials: a review of the emerging trends by George W. Huber
and James A. Dumesic. Catal,2007.
• Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass: a review of the current status and future prospects
by A.V. Bridgwater, D. Meier, and D. Radlein. GCB Bioenergy,2009.
• Feedstocks for biofuels production: current status, potential, and challenges by Lalit P.
Bhardwaj, Dinesh K. Sharma, and B.S. Negi. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy,2011.
THANK YOU

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WELCOME

• A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial

• Biorefinery is analogous to today’s petroleum refinery.

• Maximize the utilization of biomass and minimize waste generation.

• Contribute to the development of a sustainable bio- based economy.

• Finite availability of fossil fuel resources.

• Reality of climate change and need to reduce greenhouse gases.

• Need to stimulate growth with in rural economies.

The International Energy Agency Bioenergy

• The country's first biorefinery plant situated at Rahu in pune district.

Energy-driven biorefinery systems

• Residues (oil-based residues, lignocellulosic residues,

• It is based on dry or wet milling of biomass

• First step is the mechanical separation into

• Both streams will be further processed

• This is based on the pressurization of

• Resulting in a fiber rich press cake and

• Based on fractionation of biomass into

• Include sugar and syngas platforms

• This is based on the fractionation of

• Lignocellulosic-rich biomass is expected to

• It involves torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification and HTU or HTL (Hydrothermal

• Biomass derived intermediates (example char, pyrolysis oil, torrefaction pellets,

• This is based on aquatic (micro and

• Microalgae can be cultivated on

• Insecure biomass feedstock supply

• Collection • Financial support

• The biorefinery concept overcomes problems arising from the generation of

• Biorefinery : Integrated Sustainable Processes for Biomass by S. Venkata Mohan, Sunitta

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