Revolutionize Java Database App

Development with Reactive Streams

and Virtual Threads
CloudLand 2023

Juarez Barbosa Junior @juarezjunior

Sr. Principal Java Developer Evangelist
ORACLE

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 About me
•Juarez Barbosa Junior - @juarezjunior
• Senior Principal Java Developer Evangelist
• 27 years of experience in IT
• SW Engineering & Developer Relations
• Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Nokia, Unisys, Accenture,
and a few startups
• Microsoft Azure Developer Relations Lead
• IBM Watson Tech Evangelist & Cloud Rockstar
• IBM Mobile Tech Evangelist & Global Thought
Leader
• Nokia Developers Global Champion
• Lead Software/DevOps Architect
• Expertise
• Java, Cloud, DevOps, Cloud-native, Blockchain
Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates
 Agenda
•Java App Dev with Oracle Database
•Support for the Latest Java Versions
•Overview of Oracle DB Access with Java
•Oracle JDBC – Sync and Async
•Classic Java Platform Threads
•Project Loom – Virtual Threads
•Virtual Threads - JEPs 425, 436, 444
•Demo # 1: Virtual vs Platform Threads
•Reactive JDBC - Synchronous vs Asynchronous JDBC
•Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)
•Demo # 2: Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)
•From Sync to Reactive JDBC: Oracle R2DBC
•Demo # 3: Oracle R2DBC with Project Reactor
•Live Labs/Free Oracle Cloud Account/Oracle ACE Program

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Java App Dev with Oracle Database

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Support for the Latest Java Versions
•Java 11 - native support, compiled with it
•Java 17 - certified
•JDBC Standards - 4.2 and 4.3
•GraalVM - native image instrumentation
•Reactive Streams - Java Flow API support
•Project Loom - Virtual Threads support
•Data access is critical in mission-critical apps

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Overview of Oracle DB Access with
Java
operators (map, reduce, filters), Implements Java SE
concurrency modeling, reactive stream
Oracle JDBC
monitoring, tracing interface (Flow) driver
User Java code

R2DBC
+
Full Reactive 3rd party JDBC
Streams Reactive Reactiv
Streams Oracle
Java User
Libraries
e
Extensio Standar Database
Java d JDBC
Business Code n
API
Async call with non-blocking
Logic backpressure

Sync/blocking JDBC calls

VTs/lightweight JDBC calls

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Oracle JDBC – Async and Sync

Project Loom/Virtual Threads
 Synchronous database access with lightweight threads
 Standard JDBC + Virtual Threads
 Client application call stack may use conventional (synchronous) code
 Libraries must be compatible with Virtual Threads
 Oracle instrumented the Oracle JDBC 21c driver to support Virtual Threads

Reactive Programming
 Asynchronous database access with non-blocking network I/O
 Oracle Reactive Streams Ingestion + Oracle R2DBC + Oracle JDBC Reactive
Extensions
 Application call stack must be fully asynchronous
 Libraries are available: Reactor, RxJava, Akka, Vert.x
Copyright © 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates
Classic Java Platform Threads

Database access with blocking threads

A JDBC call blocks a thread for 100’s of milliseconds (thread-per-request
style)

Thread count increases linearly with the number of JDBC calls

Performance degrades as the number of threads increases

1 MB of stack memory per thread

Scheduling many platform threads is expensive

Preemptive scheduling vs time-slicing

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Virtual Threads - JEPs 425, 436, 444

Virtual Threads – JEPs (JDK Enhancement Proposals)

Lightweight threads that dramatically reduce the effort of writing,
maintaining, and observing high-throughput concurrent applications

Enable applications written in the simple thread-per-request style to scale
with near-optimal hardware utilization

Enable easy troubleshooting, debugging, and profiling of virtual threads
with existing JDK tools

Do not remove the traditional implementation of threads

Do not alter the basic concurrency model of Java

Enable existing code that uses Java threads (java.lang.Thread, etc) to adopt
virtual threads with minimal change

Copyright © 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Virtual Threads - JEPs 425, 436, 444

java.lang.Thread

final Boolean - isVirtual()

static Thread.Builder.OfVirtual - ofVirtual()

static Thread.Builder.OfPlatform - ofPlatform()

static Thread - startVirtualThread(Runnable task)

java.util.concurrent.Executors

static ExecutorService - newVirtualThreadPerTaskExecutor()

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 Demo # 1: Virtual vs Platform Threads

Virtual Threads versus Platform Threads

JEP 425 Virtual Threads (Preview)

JEP 436 (Second Preview)

JEP 444 (Target -> JDK 21)

Runs on Java 19, 20, 21

javac --release 19 --enable-preview

java --enable-preview

Oracle JDBC Driver 21c instrumented to support Virtual Threads

Verifiable comparison of OS/HW resources consumption (Platform Threads x
Virtual Threads)

Copyright © 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Reactive JDBC - Sync vs Async JDBC

Synchronous JDBC Setup Setup Setup

Blocking Blocking Blocking

Database
Handle Result Handle Result Handle Result

Reactive JDBC Setup Setup Setup

Non-Blocking Non-Blocking Non-Blocking

Database

Handle Result Handle Result Handle Result

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)

Java Library for Reactive Streams Ingestion

Streaming capability: Ingest data in an unblocking, and
reactive way from a large group of clients

Group records through RAC (Real App Clusters),
and Shard affinity using native UCP (Universal Connection
Pool)

Optimize CPU allocation while decoupling record
Processing from I/O

Fastest insert method for the Oracle Database through
Direct Path Insert, bypassing SQL and writing directly into the DB files

Copyright © 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates

Demo # 2: Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI)
RSI Runtime: Non-
blocking, optimized Build
Push
Microservices
Docker Pull images
library for streaming images to from
Test
data through Direct Define Registry Registry
Path, Shard & RAC/FAN build for Push
support. CI/CD Cloud Container
HTTP / REST Engine over toolchain Infrastruct Engine for
Container Kubernetes
Helidon ure
Pipelines,
Registry
gRPC / AMQP / MQTT Jenkins, Deploy
Engines etc. images to
production

Record JDBC
HTTP / REST Streaming
over Containers Direct Path
IoT Devices /

AMQP multiple running INSERT

protocols. microservices
Apps

deployed over ATP, ADW, ATP-D,

cvgRPC Kubernetes AFDW-D
Memoptimized
MQTT Kubernetes Rowstore
worker
Files / Logs nodes

ORACLE CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 Oracle R2DBC

Oracle Reactive Relational Database Connectivity (R2DBC)

Oracle R2DBC Driver is a Java library that supports reactive
Programming with Oracle Database

It implements the R2DBC Service Provider Interface (SPI) as
specified by the Reactive Relational Database Connectivity (R2DBC)

The R2DBC SPI exposes Reactive Streams as an abstraction for
Remote database operations

The sample code uses Project Reactor. It could use RxJava, Akka,
or any RS library

Runs on Java 11+

Copyright © 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 From Sync to Reactive JDBC: Oracle R2DBC

static String queryJdbc(java.sql.Connection connection) throws SQLException { static Publisher<String> queryR2dbc(io.r2dbc.spi.Connection connection) {

try (java.sql.Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) { return Flux.from(connection.createStatement(

ResultSet resultSet = "SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS")
statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS"); .execute())
.flatMap(result ->
if (resultSet.next()) result.map(row -> row.get(0, String.class)))
return resultSet.getString(1); .switchIfEmpty(Flux.error(
else new NoSuchElementException("Query returned zero rows")));
throw new NoSuchElementException("Query returned zero rows");
} }

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 Virtual Threads
or Reactive?
•Oracle JDBC supports both!

•Want Virtual Threads?

• Oracle JDBC has been “Virtual
Thread Compatible” since 21.1.0.0

•Want Reactive?
• Oracle R2DBC 1.0.0 is available now
• Consume Flow interfaces directly
from Oracle JDBC’s Reactive
Extensions

Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 Virtual Threads or Reactive?
•Benefits of Virtual Threads: Benefits of Reactive:
• Easier to read and write • Reactive Libraries (Reactor, RxJava, Akka,
• Easier to debug Vert.x)
• Integration with JDK tools • Stream-like API with a functional style
• Do not alter the basic concurrency model of Java • Low-level concurrency is handled for you
(locks, atomics, queues).

•Limitations of Virtual Threads:

• Some libraries are not compatible Limitations of Reactive:
• Still not in GA –> JDK 21 • Steep learning curve
• JEP 425: Virtual Threads (Preview) • Harder to read and write
• JEP 436: Virtual Threads (Second Preview)• Harder to debug
• JEP 444: Virtual Threads
Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates
 References
• Project Loom / Virtual Threads
• Loom - https://openjdk.org/projects/loom/
• JEP 444 Virtual Threads (Targeted) - https://openjdk.org/jeps/444
• Introduction to Oracle JDBC 21c Driver Support for Virtual Threads -
https://bit.ly/3UlNJWP

• Reactive Streams Ingestion Library

• Getting Started with the Java library for Reactive Streams Ingestion (RSI) -
https://bit.ly/3rEiRnC
• High-throughput stream processing with the Java Library for Reactive Streams
Ingestion (RSI), Virtual Threads, and the Oracle ATP Database - https://bit.ly/3rATCTd
• RSI - https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/

• R2DBC
• Oracle R2DBC Driver – https://github.com/oracle/oracle-r2dbc

• Develop Java applications with Oracle Database

• JDBC – https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/appdev/jdbc.html

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Oracle http://oracle.com/23cFree

• Oracle Database 23c accelerates

Database
Oracle’s mission to make it simple
to develop and run all data-driven
apps

23 c
• Provides developers easy early
access to 23c app dev features

• Limited database size, memory,

CPU threads (same limits as
Express
Oracle Edition)
Database 23c Free – Developer
Edition available for download now
Free Developer
Release
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Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates

 About me
•Juarez Barbosa Junior - @juarezjunior
• Senior Principal Java Developer Evangelist
• 27 years of experience in IT
• SW Engineering & Developer Relations
• Microsoft, Oracle, IBM, Nokia, Unisys, Accenture,
and a few startups
• Microsoft Azure Developer Relations Lead
• IBM Watson Tech Evangelist & Cloud Rockstar
• IBM Mobile Tech Evangelist & Global Thought
Leader
• Nokia Developers Global Champion
• Lead Software/DevOps Architect
• Expertise
• Java, Cloud, DevOps, Cloud-native, Blockchain
Copyright © 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates
Thank you!

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