217529- Internet of Things

Unit Number: 5
Unit Name: IOT Design and System Engineering
Unit Outcomes: CO5
Design a Simple IOT system comprising sensors by analyzing the requirements
of IoT application.

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Syllabus
 Discuss IOT requirements
 Hardware & software
 Study of IOT sensors, Tagging and tracking
 Embedded products, IOT design
 SIM card technology, IOT connectivity and Managements
 IOT security & IOT communication.

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Discuss IOT Requirements
 Connectivity
a) Wired connectivity
b) Wireless connectivity
c) Cellular connectivity
d) LPWAN
 Power
a) Power efficiency
b) Power management
c) Battery life
 Security
a) Authentication & access control
b) Encryption c) Secure communication protocols
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
Discuss IOT Requirements
 Scalability
a) Distributed architecture
b) Flexible connectivity
c) Cloud integration
 Reliability
a) Network reliability
b) Hardware quality
c) Data integrity
 Interoperability
a) Standard and protocols
b) Data formats c) API design d) Testing and certification

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Discuss IOT Requirements
 Data Analytics
a) Data collection
b) Preprocessing
c) Analysis
d) Visualization
 Cost effectiveness
a) ROI analysis
b) Scalability
c) Energy efficiency d) Maintenance support
 Sustainability
a) Energy efficiency
b) Life cycle assessment c) Material & Manufacturing d) Smart resource Management
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
IoT Hardware
 IoT Hardware includes a wide range of devices such as devices for routing, bridges, sensors etc. These IoT
devices manage key tasks and functions such as system activation, security, action specifications,
communication, and detection of support-specific goals and actions.

 IoT Hardware components can vary from low-power boards; single-board processors like the Arduino
Uno which are basically smaller boards that are plugged into mainboards to improve and increase its
functionality by bringing out specific functions or features (such as GPS, light and heat sensors, or interactive
displays).

Network devices like Bridge, router, switches, repeater etc.

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Arduino

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

IOT Requirements: Hardware & Software

Internet of Things
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
 Internet of Things
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
 Internet of Things
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
 Internet of Things
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
 Internet of Things
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
 Arduino IDE

Internet of Things
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
 RaspberryPi

▪ Raspberry Pi, developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom, is a series of

small single-board computers and perhaps the most inspiring computer available today.
Generations and Models
▪ In 2012, the company launched the Raspberry Pi and the current generations of regular Raspberry Pi
boards are Zero, 1, 2, 3, and 4.
▪ Generation 1 Raspberry Pi had the following four options −
Model A
Model A
+ Model
B Model
B+
▪ Among Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
Unit-V : IOT Design and System Engineering

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Uses of Raspberry Pi:
▪Like a desktop computer, you can do almost anything with the Raspberry Pi. You can start
and manage programs with its graphical windows desktop. It also has the shell for accepting
text commands.
We can use the Raspberry Pi computer for the following −
✔ Playing games
✔ Browsing the internet
✔ Word processing
✔ Spreadsheets
✔ Editing photos
✔ Paying bills online
✔ Managing your accounts.

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Raspbian OS:
▪Raspbian, a version of a Linux distribution called Debian, is the distribution that
is recommended by the Raspberry Pi foundation. It has been optimized for the
Raspberry Pi board.
▪Most of the Raspberry Pi users start with Raspbian and it includes −
- Graphical Desktop software.
- Web browser.
- Development and programming tools like Scratch, Python etc.

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Unit-V : IOT Design and System Engineering

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Rasberry Pi

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
IoT Software
C & C++: The C programming language has its roots in embedded systems—it even got its start for programming telephone
switches. It’s pretty ubiquitous, that is, it can be used almost everywhere and many programmers already know it. C++ is the
object-oriented version of C, which is a language popular for both the Linux OS and Arduino embedded IoT software systems.
These languages were basically written for the hardware systems which makes them so easy to use.
Java: While C and C++ are hardware specific, the code in JAVA is more portable. It is more like a write once and read anywhere
language, where you install libraries, invests time in writing codes once and you are good to go.
Python: There has been a recent surge in the number of python users and has now become one of the “go-to” languages in Web
development. Its use is slowly spreading to the embedded control and IoT world—specially the Raspberry Pi processor. Python is
an interpreted language, which is, easy to read, quick to learn and quick to write. Also, it’s a powerhouse for serving data-heavy
applications.
B#: Unlike most of the languages mentioned so far, B# was specifically designed for embedded systems, it’s small and compact
and has less memory size.
Data Collection: It is used for data filtering, data security, sensing, and measurement. The protocols aid in decision making by
sensing form real-time objects. It can work both ways by collecting data from devices or distributing data to devices. All the data
transmits to a central server.
Device Integration: This software ensures that devices bind and connect to networks facilitating information sharing. A stable
cooperation and communication ensure between multiple devices.
Real-Time Analytics: In this, the input from users serves as potential data for carrying out real-time analysis, making insights,
suggesting recommendations to solve an organizations problems and improve its approach. This, as a result, allows automation
and increased productivity.

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Study Of IOT sensors IOT Sensors

Sensor Types
a) Passive and Active Specification of Sensor
b) Analog and digital a) Accuracy
c) Scalar and vector b) Resolution
c) Sensitivity
d) Repeatability
e) Bandwidth
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
Sensor Components

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Tagging & Tracking

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

 Tagging and Tracking
IoT tracking and tagging technologies:
✔ RFID tags
✔ BLE Beacons
✔ NFC
✔ Zigbee
✔ LTE Advanced
✔ LiFi
✔ GPS
✔ LPWAN

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Embedded Products

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

SIM CARD TECHNOLOGY

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
What is IoT security?
▪ IoT security is the practice that keeps your IoT systems safe.
▪ IoT security tools protect from threats and breaches, identify and monitor risks and can
help fix vulnerabilities.
▪ IoT security ensures the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of your IoT solution.
▪ Build trust in IoT connected devices
▪ Understanding IoT security risks

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

 IoT Communications

▪IoT is connection of devices over internet, where these smart devices

communicate with each other , exchange data , perform some tasks without any
human involvement. These devices are embedded with electronics, software,
network and sensors which help in communication.
▪ Types of Communications in IOT :
▪1. Human to Machine (H2M)
▪2. M2M
▪3. Machine to Human (M2H)
▪4 Human to Human (H2H)

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology

Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology