Introduction

What do Managers Do?

Managers (or administrators)

● Individuals who achieve goals through
other people.
● Manager is involved in various activities
○ Make decisions
○ Allocate resources
○ Direct activities of others to attain goals
Managerial Functions

Staffing
Organising

Planning Directing

Controling
Meaning of Organisational Behaviour

● OB is concerned with the study of what people

do in an organisation and how their behaviour
affects the organisation’s performance
● Organisational behaviour is the study of both
group and individual performance and activity
within an organisation
Definition

● A field of study that investigates the impact

that individuals, groups, and structure have on
behavior within organizations, for the purpose
of applying such knowledge toward improving
an organization’s effectiveness
Why study OB?

● It is a systematic study of Human Behaviour in

Organizations
● This area of study examines human behavior in a
work environment and determines its impact on
job structure, performance, communication,
motivation, leadership, etc.
Contributing Disciplines to
OB
Psychology

Sociology
Socio
Psychology

Anthropology

Organisational Behaviour
Behavioural Unit of
Contribution Output
Science Analysis

Ability, Learning,
Attitudes, Personality
Psychology and Values, Individual
Emotions, Perception

Social Psychology
Intergroup
Behaviour, Group
Study of
Conflict, Power OB
Sociology

Organizational
Culture, Organisation
Anthropology
Organisational System
Environment
Contributing Disciplines to OB
● Psychology - The science that seeks to measure,
explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans
and other animals.

Elements of
Study
• Ability &Learning,
Psychology • Attitudes &
Perception
Individual
• Personality & Values
• Emotions & Moods
• Motivation
Contributing Disciplines to OB
● Sociology - The study of people in relation to their
fellow human beings

Elements of Study Group and

•Group Dynamics
Sociology •Work Teams Organization
•Conflict System
•Power
Contributing Disciplines to OB
● Social Psychology - An area within psychology that
blends concepts from psychology and sociology and
that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

Elements of Study
Behavioural Change
Social
Psychology Attitude Change Group
Communication
Group Decision Making
Contributing Disciplines to OB
● Anthropology - The study of societies to learn
about human beings and their activities.

Elements of Study
Ogranisational Culture Organisation
Anthropology
Organisational System
Environment
Challenges and Opportunities

for OB
Challenges and Opportunities for OB
● Improving Peoples’ Skills
● Improving Quality and Productivity
● Managing Workforce Diversity
● Responding to Globalization
● Empowering People
Improving Peoples’ Skills
● Technological changes, structural changes,
environmental changes are accelerated at a faster
rate in the business field.
● Unless employees and executives are equipped to
possess the required skills to adapt to those
changes, the targeted goals cannot be achieved in
time.
Improving Quality and Productivity
● Quality is the extent to which the customers or
users believe the product or service surpasses
their needs and expectations.
● More and more managers are confronting to meet
the challenges to fulfill the specific requirements
of customers.
● To improve quality and productivity, they are
implementing programs like total quality
management and reengineering programs that
require extensive employee involvement.
Managing Workforce Diversity
● This refers to employing different categories of
employees who are heterogeneous
● The primary reason to employ the heterogeneous
category of employees is to tap the talents and
potentialities
● In general, employees want to retain their
individual and cultural identity, values and
lifestyles even though they are working in the
same organization with common rules and
regulations
● The major challenge for organizations is to
Responding to Globalization

● Business operations are no longer restricted to a

particular locality or region
● Executives of Multinational corporations are very
mobile and move from one subsidiary to another
more frequently
Empowering People
● Managers are doing considerably further by
allowing employees full control of their work.
● Due to the implementation of empowerment
concepts across all the levels, the relationship
between managers and the employees is
reshaped.
● Managers will act as coaches, advisors,
sponsors, facilitators and help their
subordinates to do their tasks with minimal
OB Model

Input

Output

Process
OB Model
● Study of Variables to Understand the field of Organisational
Behaviour
• The presumed cause • These are the key
of some change in factors that we want to
the dependent explain or predict and
variable; major are affected by some
determinants of a other factors
dependent variable • A response that is
affected by an
independent variable
Independent Dependent
Variable Variable
OB Model
Input
• Independent Variables

Process

Output
• Dependent Variables
OB Model
● There are three Levels of Analysis of Independent Variables to study
OB

Organisation
System
Group

Individual
OB Model
Input Process Output
Individual Job Satisfaction,
Motivation, Emotions
•Personality, Values, etc Absenteeism, OCB,
& Moods
DWB

Group
Communication, Group Cohesion,
•Group Roles, Structure etc.
Conflict, Leadership Group Functioning

Organisation
Human Resource
•Structure, Culture, etc. Productivity, Turnover
Management
Dependent Variables
● Job satisfaction
A general attitude (not a behavior) toward
one’s job; a positive feeling of one's job
resulting from an evaluation of its
characteristics.
Dependent Variables
● Absenteeism
The failure to report to work.
Dependent Variables
● Deviant Workplace Behavior
(DWB)
Voluntary behavior that violates significant
organizational norms and thereby threatens the
well-being of the organization and/or any of its
members.
Dependent Variables

● Organizational citizenship
behavior (OCB)
Discretionary behavior that is not part of an
employee’s formal job requirements, but that
nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of
the organization.
Dependent Variables
● Productivity
A performance measure that includes
effectiveness and efficiency.
Dependent Variables

● Employee Turnover
The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal
from an organization.
OB Model
● Study of Variables to Understand the field of Organisational
Behaviour
• The presumed cause • These are the key
of some change in factors that we want to
the dependent explain or predict and
variable; major are affected by some
determinants of a other factors
dependent variable • A response that is
affected by an
independent variable
Independent Dependent
Variable Variable