University Requirement Courses

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Scientific Applications of Computers (CSE012) : (Lec1: Introduction to computer)

Dr. Eng. Ali M. AbdelAziz Date : 18 / 02 / 2024

COURSE DESCRIPTION
Windows-based operating environment, electronic
mail, the World Wide Web, computerized library
skills.
Word processing and electronic spreadsheets.
Desktop Publishing and Computer Graphics.
• Total of 100 Marks.
• 50 Midterm and assignments
• One quiz and one assignment before midterm and one
after.
• 50 Final exam
Introduction
• Purpose of this book
• Help users become highly efficient and effective computer users
• Teach how to use:
1. Apps and application software
2. Computer hardware
• Mobile devices
• Smartphones
• Tablets
• Laptops
3. The Internet
• Illustrate the impact of technology on privacy and the environment and the role of
personal and organizational ethics

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Parts of an Information System
People

Procedures

Software

Hardware

Data

The Internet

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People
• Most important part of any system
• Ways this text helps you become a more efficient and effective computer
users
• Making IT Work for You
• Tips
• Privacy
• Environments
• Ethics
• Careers in IT

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• Goodluz/Shutterstock
Software
• Software/Programs
• Tell the computer how to process data into the form you want

• Two major kinds of software:

• System Software: Software used by computers
• Application Software: Software you use

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System Software
• Software that enables application software to interact with the computer
hardware
• Background software helps manage resources
• Collection of system programs including:
• Operating Systems
• Device Drivers
• Utilities

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 Operating System
• Operating Systems (OS): Such as Windows, macOS,
Linux, and Android.
• They manage the hardware resources of the computer
• provide a platform for running application software.
• Coordinates computer resources
• Provides the user interface
• Runs applications
• Types of Operating Systems:
• Embedded operating system
• Used by Smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices
• Also known as real-time operating systems (RTOS)
• Standalone operating system
• Used by desktops ( Linux Os, IOS, Mac OS)
• Networking operating systems
• Used to run networks

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• Microsoft Corportation; Applie, Inc.
Device Drivers
•Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware
devices,
• such as printers,
• graphics cards,
• and storage devices.

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Utilities
• Programs that perform maintenance tasks for the computer, such as
antivirus software, disk cleanup and management tools, and backup
software.
•Example: Antivirus Program
• Protects from viruses
• Can damage your software or hardware
• Comprise the security and privacy of personal data

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Application Software
• End-user software
• Application Software: Software you use ( MS word, Adobe photoshop, lightroom,
…etc)
• Definition: Software applications, often referred to as application software, are programs
designed to perform specific tasks for users. These tasks can range from productivity and
communication to entertainment and education.

• Types of application software include:

1. General-Purpose applications
• Browsers
• Word Processor
2. Specialized applications
• Web Authoring
3. Apps
• Social media apps
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Hardware – Types of Computers
Supercomputers
• Most powerful computers

Mainframe computers
• Process large amounts of data

Midrange computers
• Servers

Personal computers
• PCs
• Five types of PCs

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Personal Computer Types

Wearables

Tablet Smartphones

Laptop
(Notebook)

Desktop

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• Scanrail1/Shutterstock; 4X-image/iiStock/Getty Images; Colin Hui/Shutterstock; junior_cinematic/Shutterstock; Bai-Bua’s Dad/Shutterstock
Personal Computer Hardware
• Four basic categories of equipment
• System Unit
• Input / Output
• Secondary Storage
• Communications

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System Unit
Houses most of the electronic
components
• Contains two important
components
• Microprocessor
• Memory
• Holds data currently
being processed
• Holds the processed information
before
it is output
• Temporary storage, contents are lost
when power is off

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• EML/Shutterstock; (RAM): Simon Belcher/Alamy Stock Photo (Microprocessor); leungchopan/Stock/Getty Images
Input / Output Devices
• Input
• Translate data into computer language
• Keyboard and Mouse

• Output
• Translate computer data into usable information
• Display and Printer

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Secondary Storage
• Holds data and programs even if power is off
• Hard disk
• Solid-state storage
• No moving parts
• More reliable
• Requires less power
• Optical disc
• Laser technology
• CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray

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• Bob Dormon/theregister.co.uk
Communication
• Communication devices
• Provide the ability for personal computers to communicate

• Modems
• Modify audio, video and other types of data for Internet usage

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Data
• Raw, unprocessed facts
• Processed data becomes information
• Digital data is stored electronically in files

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Common Types of Files

Document Worksheet

Database Presentation

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• O’Leary Text
Connectivity and the Mobile Internet
• Connectivity
• Sharing of information

• Network
• Communications system connecting two or more devices
• Central to the concept of connectivity
• Largest network is the Internet
• Web provides a multimedia interface for Internet resources

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Forces of Technology
1. Cloud computing
• Computers on the Internet
• Access to more resources

2. Wireless technology
• Changing the way we communicate
• Tablets, smartphones, wearable devices

3. The Internet of Things (IoT)

• Continuing development of the Internet
• Allowing all types of devices to communicate

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Careers in IT
• Webmaster • Computer Technician
• Develops and maintains websites and web • Repairs and installs computer components and
resources systems

• Software Engineer • Technical Writer

• Analyzes users’ needs and creates application • Prepares instruction manuals, technical reports,
software and other scientific or technical documents

• Computer Support Specialist • Network Administrator

• Provides technical support to customers and • Creates and maintains computer networks
other users

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