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Week 5 6 Literature Review

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8 views31 pages

Week 5 6 Literature Review

extensive and simplified school slide on literature review

Uploaded by

ozobokemeoyintare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RES 301

Literature Review
Learning
Outcomes After this class, you should be
able to understand:
what literature review is?
types of literature review
the process
critical review
what is meant by plagiarism
literature search
To generate research
ideas
What
is To conduct a
‘preliminary’ search of
the
existing material
point?
Bring clarity and focus
to your research
problem
To develop a critical
perspective, situating
your research within the
Provides the foundation on
What which your research is built
is
the Identifies variables that
previous studies found either
point? important or unimportant

Suggests factors to consider


in setting the research design
and methodology

Further research
Highlighting your own
What arguments in relation to what
exists
is
the To organise valuable ideas and
contextualise findings
point?
To identify other research that
may be in progress

To demonstrate that you have a


good grasp of the most
important debates in your
research area
What The documentation of a
is comprehensive analysis of the
Literat published and unpublished
ure work in the areas of specific
Review
interest to the researcher.
?
An integral part of the entire
research process and makes a
valuable contribution to
almost every operational step
Types Argumentative Review
– Examines literature selectively
of in order to support or refute an
Literatu argument.
re Integrative Review
Reviews – reviews, critiques, and
synthesizes representative
literature on a topic to create
new frameworks and
perspectives.
Historical Review
– focused on examining research
throughout a period of time
Methodological Review
– A review does not always focus
on what someone said [content],
Types but how they said it [method of
analysis].
of
Reviews Systematic Review
– a meticulous summary of all the
available primary research in response
to a research question. It considers all
the existing research and may be called
‘research on research’

Theoretical Review
– helps to establish existing theories, the
relationships between them, to what
degree they have been investigated, and
to develop new hypotheses to be tested
Steps in
Literatu
writing
re develop a up the
conceptu literatur
Review develop al e
theoretic framewor reviewed
al and k
review
empirical
literatur
e
search selected
for
existin
g
literat
ure
Deductive -
Develops a conceptual
framework from the literature
Approache which is then tested using the
s data

Inductive -
Explores the data to develop
theories which are then tested
against the literature
• Is your literature review organised
thematically around the ideas
Evaluating contained in the research being
the reviewed rather than the researchers?
structure
of the • Are your arguments coherent and
literature cohesive – do your ideas link in a way
review that will be logical to your reader?
• Have you used sub-headings within
the literature review to help guide
your reader?

• Does the way you have structured


your literature review draw your
reader’s attention to those issues
which are going to be the focus of
your research?
• Demonstrate that you have read,
The key understood and evaluated your
to a material
critical
literatur • Link the different ideas to form a
e review cohesive and coherent argument

• Make clear connections to your


research objectives and the
subsequent empirical material

Saunders et al. (2012)


Sources
Write down

• Parameters of your search


The
• key words and search
literatur terms to be used
e search • Databases and search
strategy engines to be used
• Criteria for selection of
relevant and useful studies
Searchi Identify search words
ng
Analyse your research topic
or question
What are the main ideas?
What concepts or theories
have you already covered?
Write down your main ideas,
synonyms, related words and
phrases.
AND
Limit results Education AND Women
(Search for content that contains both education
and women)
Boolea OR
One term OR another Female OR Women
n (Search for content that contains female OR
women.)
Operato -
rs Exclude a term from the search Education -
Primary
(Limits results to only those with education and
not the term primary.)
-site:
Exclude a website from the search Usecases -
site:ieeexplore.ieee.org
(Limits results to results other than ieee explore.)
~
Synonyms of term~education
(Search for the term education and its synonyms.)

““
Exact phrase “Women in Education”
(Search for the phrase women in education.)
Save Keep a record of the
Referenc
literature you collect
es
Record where and when
you retrieved the
information
Use a reference
manager!!!!!
It can be a nightmare
trying to relocate
documents after writing
up.
Citing Sources
If it’s not your own idea (and not
common knowledge)—
DOCUMENT IT!
• Paraphrase key ideas.

• Use quotations sparingly.

• Introduce quotations effectively.

• Use proper in-text citation to document the


source of ideas.
• Again, maintain accurate bibliographic
records.
Four common forms
• Stealing material from another
source

• Submitting material written by


Plagiaris another
m
• Copying material without
quotation marks

• Paraphrasing material without


documentation

Adapted from Park (2003), cited in Easterby-


Smith et al. (2008)
Critical Review Process
Critical review v not
critical
Questions to help critical
reading and noting
Information you need to reference
publications
• Mind maps
– Brief version of research topic in the
middle of the page
– expand with themes and sub-themes

Strategie • Planning
s – use themes or categories to organise your
content
– create a detailed outline for each main
paragraph an list works that will be
discussed/analysed. use keywords, themes,
arguments and relevant data
– easier to keep track of ideas

• Maintain a current reference list


• Review, rewrite and edit
Writing your Literature
Review
As you read, try to see the “big picture”—your
literature review should provide an overview
of the state of research.
Include only those source materials that help
you shape your argument.
Balance summary and analysis as you write.
Keep in mind your purpose for writing:
– How will this review benefit readers?
– How does this review contribute to your
study?
Be meticulous about citations.
While reading the literature for theoretical
background of your study, you will realise
that certain themes have emerged.
Writing
List the main ones, converting them into
your subheadings.
literatur These subheadings should be precise,
e review descriptive of the theme in question, and
follow a logical progression.

Now, under each subheading, record the main


findings with respect to the theme in question

highlighting the reasons for and against an


argument if they exist, and identifying gaps
and issues.
Develop a Researcher’s idea on
conceptual how the research
framework problem will have to be
explored

Stems from the


theoretical and empirical
reviews.
The critical literature review

• Sets the research in context

Summary
• Leads the reader into later
sections of the report

• Begins at a general level


and narrows to specific
topics
• Preamble or Introduction
• Theoretical Framework
Compone
nts of a • Conceptual Review
Literature
Review • Conceptual
Framework/Model
• Empirical Review
• Gap in Literature
References

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association: The official guide to APA style (7th ed). American Psychological

Association.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Sample papers.

https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper- format/sample

Bryman, A., & Bell, E. E. (2011). Business research methods

(3rd ). Oxford: Oxford University Press

Bell, E. E. & Bryman, A., Harley, B. (2022). Business research methods. Oxford:

Oxford University Press

Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business s

tudents (6th ed.) Harlow. England: Pearson Education

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