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Random Variables and Probability Distributions

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26 views22 pages

Random Variables and Probability Distributions

Uploaded by

whayeth551
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RANDOM

VARIABLES AND
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
Marco wants to know
what numbers can be
assigned for the
frequency of heads that
will occur in tossing a
RANDOM VARIABLE
• A random variable is a result of chance event,
that you can measure or count.
• A random variable is a numerical quantity that
is assigned to the outcome of an experiment. It
is a variable that assumes numerical values
associated with the events of an experiment.
• A random variable is a quantitative variable
which values depends on change.
EXAMPLE 1:
• Suppose two coins are tossed and
we are interested to determine the
number of tails that will come out.
Let us use T to represent the
number of tails that will come out.
Determine the values of the
EXAMPLE 2:
•A pair if dice is rolled. Let X be
the number of variable
representing the sum of the
number of dots on the top
faces. Find the values of the
DISCRETE AND
CONTINUOUS
RANDOM
VARIABLE
DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

•Has a countable
number of possible
values.
CONTINUOUS RANDOM
VARIABLE

•Can assume an infinite


number of values in
one or more intervals.
Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable

Number of pens in a box Amount of antibiotics in the vial

Number of ants in a colony Length of electric wires


Number of ripe bananas in a
Voltage of car batteries
basket

Number of Covid 19 positive Weight of new born in the


cases in Barucboc, Quezon hospital

Amount of sugar in a cup of


Number of defective batteries
coffee
MEAN AND
VARIANCE OF
DISCRETE
RANDOM
VARIABLE
MEAN OF A DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLE
• The Mean µ of a discrete random variable is the
central value or average of its corresponding
probability mass function. It is also called as the
Expected Value. It is computed using the
formula:
µ = ∑ XP(x)
Where x is the outcome and p(x) is the
probability of the outcome.
EXAMPLE 1:
• Determine the mean or Expected
Value of random variable below.

X 0 1 2 3 4

P(X) 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5


STEPS IN FINDING THE
MEAN
Step 1: Construct the probability distribution for the
random variable X representing the number of
items that the customer will buy.
Step 2: Multiply the value of the random variable X
by the corresponding probability.
Step 3: Add the results obtained in Step 2. results
obtained is the mean of the probability distribution.
EXAMPLE:
• The probabilities that a customer will
buy 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 items in a grocery
store are 3/10, 1/10, 1/10, 2/10, and
3/10, respectively. What is the
average number of items that a
customer will buy?
VARIANCE AND
STANDARD
DEVIATION OF THE
DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLE
The variance and
standard deviation
describe the amount of
spread, dispersion or
variability of the items in
VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF
A RANDOM VARIABLE
• The variance and standard deviation are two values that
describe how scattered or spread out the scores are from the
mean value of the random variable. The variance, denoted as
󠄄σ2, is determined using the formula:
σ2 = ∑ (x - µ)2p(x)
The standard deviation σ is the square root of the variance, thus,
σ=
σ2 – variance σ – standard deviation
µ - mean p(x) – probability of the outcome
EXAMPLE 1:
The number of cars sold per day at local car dealership, along its
corresponding probabilities is shown in the succeeding table.
Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the
probability distribution by following the given steps.

Number of cars sold X Probability P(x)


0 10%
1 20%
2 30%
3 20%
4 20%
STEPS IN FINDING THE VARIANCE AND
STANDARD DEVIATION
1. Find the mean of the probability distribution
2. Subtract the mean from each value of the random variable X.
3. Square the result obtained in Step 2
4. Multiply the results obtained in Step 3 by the corresponding
probability
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in step 4. results obtained is
the value of the variance of probability distribution.

 To solve for Standard Deviation


Get the square root of the variance
EXAMPLE 2:
When three coins are tossed once, the
probability distribution for the random
variable X representing the number of
heads that occur. Compute the
variance and standard deviation of the
probability distribution.

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