File System Implementation

CS 241 Lecture 22
R: Ch 4 pp92-116

Roy Campbell

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Contents
 V& UNIX example
 Writing POSIX Code for File Read…
 Tables for Files

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The UNIX V7 File System (1)

A UNIX V7 directory entry

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The UNIX V7 File System (2)

A UNIX i-node

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The UNIX V7 File System (3)

The steps in looking up /usr/ast/mbox

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UNIX I/O R:Ch 4 pp92-116
 Device drivers
 Pseudodevice drivers
 Open, close, read,write, ioctl
 Special files /dev
 Block special file – disk like
 Character special file – stream of
chars

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Sequential Files
#include <unitstd.h>
ssize_t read(int fildes, void *buf, size_t nbyte);

Returns number of bytes read in buf-

*buf must be initialized.
read on end-of-file char returns 0
read on pipe may return < nbytes

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Standard files
 stdin, stdout, stderr (fd = 0, 1, 2)
 End of line char is “\n”.

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 Sequential write operation
#include <unistd.h>
ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte);
•Returns number of bytes actually written
•Can only write to end of file (or file truncates)

read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, BLKSIZE);

write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, BLKSIZE);

May fail!!!

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Copyfile
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BLKSIZE 1024
int copyfile(int fromfd, int tofd) {
char *bp;
char buf[BLKSIZE];
int bytesread;
int byteswritten = 0;
int totalbytes = 0;
for ( ; ; ) {
while (((bytesread = read(fromfd, buf, BLKSIZE)) == -1) &&
(errno == EINTR)) ; /* handle interruption by signal */
if (bytesread < 0) /* real error or end-of-file on fromfd */
break;
bp = buf;

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Copyfile
while (bytesread > 0) {
while(((byteswritten = write(tofd, bp, bytesread)) == -1 ) &&
(errno == EINTR)) ; /* handle interruption by signal */
if (byteswritten <= 0) /* real error on tofd */
break;
totalbytes += byteswritten;
bytesread -= byteswritten;
bp += byteswritten;
}
if (byteswritten == -1) /* real error on tofd */
break;
}
return totalbytes;
}

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 Use the restart library for
read/write P99 – e.g. r_write
ssize_t r_write(int fd, void *buf, size_t size) {
char *bufp;
size_t bytestowrite;
ssize_t byteswritten;
size_t totalbytes;
for (bufp = buf, bytestowrite = size, totalbytes = 0;
bytestowrite > 0;
bufp += byteswritten, bytestowrite -= byteswritten) {
byteswritten = write(fd, bufp, bytestowrite);
if ((byteswritten) == -1 && (errno != EINTR))
return -1;
if (byteswritten == -1)
byteswritten = 0;
totalbytes += byteswritten;
}
return totalbytes;
}
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 It makes programs simpler!
#include <unistd.h>
#include "restart.h"
#define BLKSIZE 1024
int copyfile(int fromfd, int tofd) {
char buf[BLKSIZE];
int bytesread, byteswritten;
int totalbytes = 0;
for ( ; ; ) {
if ((bytesread = r_read(fromfd, buf, BLKSIZE)) <= 0)
break;
if ((byteswritten = r_write(tofd, buf, bytesread)) == -1)
break;
totalbytes += byteswritten;
}
return totalbytes;
}
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Use readblock to read #bytes
 Use it to read structures
 Either works or returns error

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Opening and Closing Files
 Open associates a file descriptor with
a file or physical device
 File descriptor is an index into a table
per process and can be inherited to
child processes allowing sharing
 Should close open files
 Oflag access modes and status

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 UNIX file structure implementation
Parent Open file description inode
File descriptor File position Mode
table R/W Link Count
Pointer to inode
File position UID
Child R/W GID
File Pointer to inode File size
descr
Times
iptor
table Address of
first 10
disk blocks
Single Indirect
Double Indirect
Unrelated process Triple Indirect
File descriptor table
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Summary
 V& UNIX example
 Writing POSIX Code for File Read…
 Tables for Files

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