Technological Design Process

Objectives

At the end of this presentation you should be able to…

 Describe the steps of the Design Process
 Apply the Design Process to a Design Challenge
 Provide detailed documentation of your journey
through the design process.
 What is the Design Process?

-A series of steps through which anything can be

designed, invented, or innovated.

Define the Ideation/ Generate

Research
Problem Sketches Solutions

Choose Model/ Present

Testing/
Best Prototype your
Evaluation
Solution Solution Solution
• Rich Picture
• Design problem and brief
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Planning
• Research
• Specifications
• Ideas
• Develpment
• Solution
• Manufacture
• Evaluation
Investigate =
• Problem/need/want
• Context/impact
• Investigate
• Research/questionnaire/interview
• Materials/suitable tools/required skills
 Step 1: Define the Problem

 NOT the solution

 What are you trying to solve?
 You should provide a detailed explanation
of the problem.
 RICH PICTURE
 A ‘Rich Picture’ is the first stage in the design process.

 Thinking in concepts

 theme is placed in the centre of the page and link

words are positioned around it.
SUGGESTIONS:
A. Begin by drawing / sketching a rough version of your rich
picture. This will help you plan the layout and content of
your design sheet. Do not try to complete your rich picture
straightaway.
B. Do not copy ideas regarding the layout from other pupils.
This could be regarded as ‘cheating’ by the examiner. Look
at the work of other pupils and adapt rather than copy.
C. Use your imagination and be prepared to spend time on
your work.
D. Ask the teacher for advice and look at completed projects
for inspiration.
E. Complete your homework on time. Do not fall behind as
you may find it impossible to catch up.
 DESIGN PROBLEM AND BRIEF

 The Problem and Design Brief are sometimes

viewed as two different sections of the design
process.
 They are very closely related.
 Before you can can start a design project you
must find a ‘problem’ to solve.
 The ‘design brief’ follows the ‘problem’ and
states clearly how you intend to solve the
design problem.
 EXCAMPLE

DESIGN PROBLEM
A number of houses have been broken into on my street. It has been
noticed that the number of strangers walking down our street has increased
lately and house holders are becoming concerned about the security of their
houses. The police have advised people to make their houses look as if they
are occupied when they go away for a holiday or even out for the evening.
This may deter a potential thief from breaking into either the house or
garage.The Neighbourhood Watch scheme has also been introduced
recently and this has helped people feel more secure. However, even
though neighbours will keep an eye on your property if you decide to go
out and leave the house empty, they cannot watch twenty four hours a
day.Often even the police ignore house alarms when they are activated
because of the high number of false alarms.
DESIGN BRIEF:

I am going to design and make a security device that will make my

house look occupied when, in fact, it is empty. Police statistics clearly
show that houses are much more likely to be broken into when they are
empty. Consequently, if the house looks occupied it is likely to be safe.
The device will be mobile so that it can be moved from room to room,
easy to set up and control and also cheap to make. It must not be
powered by mains voltage and in this way it will be completely safe to
be left ‘on’ for a long time and will not be affected by power cuts. It will
be activated by anyone approaching the hose from the front or back.It
must deter even profession crooks from taking an interest in our house
and even convince people in the street that the house is occupied.
 Step 2: Research

 Find out as much as you can about…

 Previous solutions
 Current Market
 Customers
 Other Valuable Information
 THE ANALYSIS
 Involves listing as many questions as you can think of
regarding your project.

1. Will the design be safe ?

2. What materials are available ? What materials will be
the most suitable? What will be the overall size ?
3. How long will the product take to manufacture ?
4. How will the product be mass produced ? On a
production line ? What will the cost of ‘labour’ be ?
5. What is the best shape for the solution ?
 THE SYNTHESIS
 follows the ‘Analysis’
 the answers to the questions.

1. My design will be safe because I will test a model/prototype

first.
2. Compressed polystyrene will probably be the best material
and I will use it if my research tells me it is light and strong.
3. The dimensions will be - 300x450mm.
4. I expect my solution to cost no more than £9.99 to
manufacture. I will work out this cost by looking at the cost of
materials and labour in the research section.
PLANNING
 RESEARCH
 Materials

 Joints

Survey

Existing products
 SPECIFICATIONS

 The ‘specification’ is probably the easiest part of

the design process although it is one that pupils
tend to neglect or write incorrectly.
 It is usually a list of points, with each point referring
to the research work
 In the specification you need to show what you
have learnt from the research that you collected
and presented in the research section.
Design =
• Initial ideas
• Free-hand sketches
• Design Brief with Specifications and
Constraints
• Plan using systems diagram
• Trial modelling
• Budget
 Step 3: Ideation/Sketches

 When in the Ideation Stage…

 RECORD EVERY IDEA YOU HAVE
 Sketch your ideas
 Mind Map/ Brainstorm
 Doodle
 Drain your Brain- Then think some
more
 IDEAS

 This section allows you to present a number of

ideas/designs.
 You should aim to produce at least six different
designs and certainly not less than four.
 The more designs you produce the better the mark
you will gain.
 Try to present designs that look individual and are
imaginative.
 Whenever you present an idea or draw an existing
product you must add plenty of explanatory notes.
 Step 4: Generate Solutions

 When Generating Solutions…

 Detail, Detail, Detail
 Minimum of 4 Solutions
 Combine the Problem Definition, Research,
and Ideation into possible solutions
 SOLUTION

 A working drawing is the final ‘constructed’

drawing, produced as part of the design
process.
 It usually consists of a front, side and plan
view of the solution
 Dimensions are added so that any person
using the working drawing can manufacture
the design.
 The working drawing should be precise and
drawn to a scale.
 Parts list
 DEVELOPMENT
MATERIALS - You must COLOUR - Produce a colour
choose materials and state scheme for the final design.
how they can be combined to
produce your final design

SAFETY - You may be able to COST - Work out the cost of

show how you have improved your product. You may wish to
the safety aspect of your use a spreadsheet for this
design. purpose.

CIRCUIT - Select a circuit MECHANISM - You may need

from the ideas section and to develop mechanisms or
improve it further - stage by gear systems for your project.
stage.

SHAPE - Can you improve the INDUSTRIAL

shape of your design ? If so MANUFACTURE - You must
show how. draw each stage of your
‘products’ manufacture
 Step 5: Choose Best Solution

 When Choosing the Best Solution…

 Take into account all factors & design criteria
 Consider the difficulty & time involved
 Create a final sketch of the chosen solution detailing all
of the features and materials.
Make =
• Choose
tools/method/materials/resources
• Draw formal plans
• Draw low charts/sequence of
manufacture
• Make prototype/model/final product
(considering safe working procedures)
Step 6:Model/Prototype Solution

 When Modeling/Prototyping your solution…

 Decide if a Model or a Prototype is needed
MANUFACTURE
Evaluate =
• Evaluate severity/urgency of
problem/need/want.
• Analyse solution using a systems
diagram
• Evaluate solution in terms of design
brief, specifications and constraints
• Evaluate product/process/manufacturing
method/safety
• Evaluate impact/bias/an indigenous
solution
 Step 7:Testing/Evaluation

 When Testing your solution…

 Does it solve the problem?
 Any modifications needed?
 Now is the chance to go back and change your Design
 EVALUATION
 Designers evaluate their finished products or prototypes in
order to test whether they work well and if the design can
be corrected or improved.

 Whatever you have designed it is important to evaluate your

work constantly during the project.

 Evaluation can take a variety of forms:

General discussion with other pupils, staff and others.

Questionnaires / surveys carried out at any time during the
project.
Your personal views, what you think of existing designs.
Most important of all - what do you think of your designs, prototypes and
finished products ?
Can you think of any other ways of evaluating your work ?
 CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING POINTS WHEN WRITING
YOUR FINAL EVALUATION
1. What do you think of the overall design ? What changes would you make ?

2. Are you happy with the materials you chose ? Would you make adjustments next time ?

3. Is the colour scheme exactly what you expected ? What alterations would you make ?

4. Did the project take too long to make ? Would this alter the cost of manufacture ?

5. Would it be easy to set up a production line for the manufacture of your solution ?

6. Is your solution safe ? Could it be made safer ?

7. Are the techniques you used to make your solution adequate or would you use a
different range of manufacturing techniques ?

8. Is the solution the right size/shape ?

9. What are the views of other people regarding your design ?

10. Does it work ? What changes are required ?

Communicate =
• Report
• Present
• Advertise/poster using artistic graphics
 Step 8:Present Your Solution

 When you present your solution…

 Provide a detailed explanation of the solution
 Why should the customer buy your solution?
The Technological Portfolio
 The role of the Designer
Designers need to have:
 an understanding of the problem, need or opportunity
 knowledge of the Design Process
 knowledge of types and properties of suitable materials, and how to use
them optimally
 the ability to calculate the quantities and costs of the materials needed
 knowledge of the conventions / building codes
 an ability to sketch initial ideas on paper
 the ability to draw working drawings in sufficient detail for the task
 the practical skills required to create a solution
 the ability to work safely using appropriate tools
 the ability to present the solution effectively to the client / customer.
 Assignment 1 – Design Process

Design and make a pair of cell phone speakers by only

using waste material.

Hand in Date: 24 March 2023

Make a short video of 30 seconds of your final project and upload the video on Bb.