TECHNOLOGY AND FUTURE OF

WORK

CLASS 1
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
DR RADHA YADAV
BOOK
 CURRENT TRENDS AND PREDICTIONS

AI and Machine Learning Robotics

•Current Trend: Advanced
• Current Trend: AI is increasingly used in
robotics are used in
data analysis, predictive analytics, and manufacturing, healthcare, and
autonomous systems. logistics.
•Prediction: Robotics will
• Prediction: Continued integration of AI
continue to evolve, taking on
will lead to more personalized services more complex tasks and
and efficient operations but may also raise potentially collaborating with
ethical concerns about data privacy and human workers (cobots).
job displacement.
Cloud Computing
• Current Trend: Businesses are migrating to cloud platforms for scalability, cost-
efficiency, and remote accessibility.
• Prediction: Cloud computing will enable more innovative services and business
models, fostering greater global collaboration.
Internet of Things (IoT)
• Current Trend: IoT devices are connecting various aspects of daily life and
industrial operations, from smart homes to smart factories.
• Prediction: The expansion of IoT will enhance data collection and analysis, leading
to smarter and more efficient systems but also increasing cybersecurity challenges.
ROADMAP FOR TODAY

• Activity: Debate on Automation

• Objective: Explore the pros and cons of automation in
different industries.

Divide students into small groups and assign each group a

specific industry (e.g., manufacturing, healthcare, retail etc).
FORMAL UNDERSTANDING OF
FUTURE OF WORK
 WHAT IS THE FUTURE OF WORK?

• Future of Work it may be related to a particular activity (what),

the process of working (how), the worker (who) and the
workplace (where), or any combination of these.
• Future of Work can be viewed from a variety of perspectives
from macro to micro, from a society, industry, firm or an
individual level
 CONTINUE-

• The Future of Work is not new but rather is the latest

iteration of an established phenomenon where the current
wave of interest is largely driven by the impact of Covid-19
on accelerating technology adoption and new flexible work
arrangements.
• Balliester and Elsheikhi (2018) define the Future of Work along five
dimensions in which changes brought about by megatrends such as
technology, climate change, globalisation and demography impact the
world of work, namely :-
• (1) the future of jobs;
• (2) the quality of jobs;
• (3) wage and income inequality;
• (4) social protection systems; and
• (5) social dialogue and industrial relations.
Mitchell et al. (2022) do not define the Future of Work but
categorise the most influential research into four key research
streams:
• (1) Workplace relations,
• (2) Workplace change,
• (3) Diversity and
• (4) Personal skills.
• Kolade and Owoseni (2022) do not define the Future of
Work but rather identify three underlying theoretical
perspectives from the literature, namely
• (1) Socio-technical systems theory,
• (2) Skill-biased technological change and
• (3) Political economy of automation and digital
transformation
FUTURE OF AI –ONLY ONE PART
OF FOW
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA400nwQhLE
FACTS

• In 2022, various employment indicators pointed towards a strong

labour-market recovery for high income countries, with many
sectors experiencing labour shortages.
• In Europe, for example, almost three in 10 manufacturing and
service firms reported production constraints in the second quarter
of 2022 due to a lack of workers.
• -Nursing professionals, plumbers and pipefitters, software
developers, systems analysts, welders and flame cutters,
bricklayers and related workers, and heavy truck and lorry drivers
were among the most needed professions.
• In the United States, businesses in Retail and Wholesale of
Consumer Goods reported close to 70% of job openings
remaining unfilled, with close to 55% of roles unfilled in
manufacturing and 45% in leisure and hospitality.
• Businesses also reported difficulties in retaining workers.
According to a global survey conducted in late 2022 across
44 countries, one in five employees reported they intend to
switch employers in the coming year.
EVOLUTION OF WORK WITH MAJOR
TECHNOLOGICAL MILESTONES

• Industrial Revolution (Late 18th to Early 19th Century):

• Introduction of steam engines, mechanized textile production, and railways.
• Shift from agrarian economies to industrialized cities, creating factory jobs but
also leading to harsh working conditions.

• Second Industrial Revolution (Late 19th to Early 20th Century):

• Mass production, electricity, and the assembly line (e.g., Ford’s Model T
production).
• Increased productivity and job specialization but also repetitive and monotonous
work.
• Information Age (Late 20th Century):
• Rise of computers, the internet, and information technology.
• Creation of new industries and jobs in tech but also displacement of certain manual and
clerical jobs.

• Past Predictions and Outcomes

• 1960s and 1970s:

• Predictions of widespread unemployment due to automation.
• Outcome: While some jobs were displaced, new jobs in IT, services, and high-tech
manufacturing emerged.

• 1990s:
• Predictions of the internet creating a “paperless” and highly efficient work environment.
• Outcome: While digital transformation occurred, paper use continued in various sectors,
and new challenges like cybersecurity emerged.
• Background and Evolution
• Initial Phase: Online Bookstore
• Amazon began as an online bookstore, leveraging the internet to offer a vast selection of books to a global audience.

• Expansion and Diversification

• Expanded product offerings to include electronics, clothing, groceries, and more.
• Introduction of Amazon Prime, offering fast shipping and streaming services.

• 2. Technological Innovations
• E-Commerce Platform
• Advanced algorithms for personalized recommendations and efficient search functionalities.
• User-friendly interface and streamlined checkout process.

• Supply Chain and Logistics

• Use of robotics and automation in fulfillment centers to increase efficiency.
• Development of sophisticated logistics and delivery networks, including Amazon Air and drone delivery initiatives.

• Cloud Computing
• Launch of Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2006, providing scalable cloud computing solutions.
• AWS has become a leading provider of cloud services, supporting businesses globally.

• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

• Implementation of AI for inventory management, customer service (Alexa), and personalized marketing.
• Machine learning algorithms to optimize pricing, demand forecasting, and fraud detection.

• 3. Implications of Technological Transformation

• Market Leadership and Growth
• Dominance in e-commerce, cloud computing, and digital services.
• Continuous expansion into new markets and industries (e.g., healthcare, entertainment).

• Customer Experience
• Enhanced customer experience through personalized recommendations, efficient delivery, and robust customer service.
• Introduction of innovative services like Amazon Go (cashier-less stores) and Alexa (voice-activated assistant).
• 4. Challenges Faced
• Regulatory and Legal Issues
• Scrutiny over anti-competitive practices, data privacy, and labor practices.
• Ongoing investigations and potential regulations from governments worldwide.

• Labor and Workforce Management

• Criticism of working conditions in fulfillment centers.
• Challenges in managing a large and diverse workforce across global operations.

• Environmental Impact
• Concerns over the carbon footprint of extensive logistics operations.
• Efforts to implement sustainable practices and achieve net-zero carbon emissions.

• 5. Benefits Observed
• Economic Impact
• Creation of millions of jobs worldwide.
• Contribution to the growth of the digital economy through AWS and e-commerce platforms.

• Innovation and Technological Advancements

• Pioneering advancements in AI, machine learning, and cloud computing.
• Encouraging innovation through competitive pressures and technological benchmarks.

• Customer Satisfaction and Convenience

• High levels of customer satisfaction due to efficient service and innovative products.
• Increased convenience for consumers through fast delivery and extensive product offerings.

• 6. Future Outlook
• Continued Innovation
• Investment in emerging technologies such as quantum computing, autonomous vehicles, and advanced AI.
• Expansion into new sectors like healthcare with initiatives like Amazon Pharmacy.

• Sustainability Goals
• Commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2040 through initiatives like The Climate Pledge.
• Implementation of renewable energy solutions and sustainable packaging practices.
DISCUSSION POINTS

• What can other companies learn from Amazon's use of technology?

• How can Amazon address its regulatory and environmental
challenges?
• What future technologies could further transform Amazon's
business model?

• https://www.ted.com/talks/kai_fu_lee_how_ai_can_save_our_humanity
?geo=hi
• How AI can save our humanity
EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING

• How does worker feel about work? Are they happy doing
whatever activity they are doing
• Are employee stressed or relaxed?
• Objective measurement: Absenteeism, anxiety, mental
illness, etc.
• Subjective measurement: questionnaire, empirical study
REASONS TO LOOK AT WELL-
BEING
• Change in jobs due to AI
• Loosing of jobs in near future
• Lack of skills
• Remote work
• Work life balance
• Social life
SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY OR
SDT THEORY
• Person’s ability to make choices and manage
their own life.
• Psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan,
who first introduced their ideas in their 1985
book Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation
in Human Behavior.
• People tend to be driven by a need to grow and
gain fulfillment.
 COMPONENTS OF SELF-DETERMINATION

• Autonomy: People need to feel in control of their own behaviors

and goals. This sense of being able to take direct action that
will result in real change plays a major part in helping people
feel self-determined.
• Competence: People need to gain mastery of tasks and
learn different skills. When people feel that they have the skills
needed for success, they are more likely to take actions that
will help them achieve their goals.
• Connection or relatedness: People need to experience a sense
of belonging and attachment to other people.
THE THREE CAUSALITY ORIENTATIONS ARE:

1. Autonomous: all three basic needs are satisfied.

2. Controlled: competence and relatedness are somewhat
satisfied but autonomy is not.
3. Impersonal: none of the three needs are satisfied.
KEYS ASSUMPTIONS:

• Social support is key.

• Autonomous motivation is important.
• The need for growth drives behavior.
• Cohesive sense of self.
 DEVELOPMENT:

• SDT (Ryan and Deci, 2000): Basic human needs-autonomy, competence

and relatedness.
• Two main types of motivation—intrinsic and extrinsic—and that both are powerful
forces in shaping who we are and how we behave (Deci & Ryan, 2008).
• SDT differentiates between autonomous motivation and controlled motivation
(Ryan & Deci, 2008)
• SDT framework (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2017) to determine the
effect of theory based interventions on participants' motivation in organized
physical activity
Self-Determination Theory (Adapted from Ryan & Deci, 2000).
Image: Coccia, 2019
Image: Coccia, 2019
NEW WAY OF WORKING

• Tele-working
• Nomadic working
• Hot-desking,
• co-working spaces
• Crowd work
• Online labor platforms

• NWW refers to bricks, bytes and behavioral changes.

FLEXIBILITY

Temporal flexibility: Employers may introduce flexibility in

working hours to meet customer or employee demands.
Spatial Flexibility: ranges from situations where employees
work at home or another location one or more days each week
to those where employees work remotely all the time and may
even work in a different geographic location to that of their
employing organisation. E.g coworking spaces, hackerspaces
and fablabs.
 NWW ON EMPLOYEE WELL-
BEING: CONNECT WITH SDT
• Remote gig workers managed through algorithmic management processes
report high levels of autonomy, task variety and complexity, but they may
have little choice except to work from home and to work unsociable hours to
meet client demands.
• As a result, they experience feelings of social isolation, overwork, sleep
deprivation and exhaustion, all of which have negative impact on well-being.
(wood et al., 2018).
 COMPETENCE

• Coworking and hybrid options at least offer some opportunity for an individual
to access relevant social comparatives that can support competence through
access to informal learning, peer observation and mentoring in the moment.
• Digital resilience competency framework Grant and Clarke (2020)
Digital skills, trust-building skills, self-care skills, and social and emotional
skills
 RELATEDNESS

• The experience of belonginess or loneliness may vary according

to individual differences
-SOCIOTROPHY and SOCIAL ANHEDONIA
• An excessive desire for close interpersonal relationships and social attention, while at
the other extreme, social anhedonia represents a marked disinterest in such
relationships and attention (Wright & Silard, 2021).
• Social anhedonics are unlikely to experience loneliness at work because their desire
for social relationships is minimal.
• Individuals at the sociotropic extreme are susceptible to loneliness because their
needs and expectations for relatedness at work may be excessively
TERMS

• WATERCOOLER MOMENTS- sense of community and

enhancing both mental and physical well-being
• Perpetual strangers-Gig workers
• Class 3- AI and Automation in
reshaping job roles and skill
requirements
 UNILEVER PLC

GLOBAL LEVEL
• 400 brands
• Biggest Product-Personal Care
• 190 Countries
• 3.4 billion people every day
• Euro 59.6 Billion turnover
• CEO –Mr Hein Schumacher
DISCUSSION

• How does value chain and commercial strategy for Unilever

change for the future of work.
• How close is Unilever to resolving the paradox of purpose
and automation.
• Strengths and weaknesses of the 3 pillars.
• Strengths and weaknesses of Unilever’s purpose
workshops, future fit plans and responsible automation
plan.
• How does value chain and commercial strategy for Unilever
change for the future of work.
-Online platforms-dunzo, zepto, blinkit
-Changing demand of consumers
-changing role of distribution and retail
• How close is Unilever to resolving the paradox of purpose
and automation.
a.<25%
b. 25-50%
c. 50-75%
d. >75%
• Strengths and weaknesses of the 3 pillars.
• Pillar 1- Change the way we change
• Pillar 2- Ignite life long learning and critical skills
• Pillar 3- Redefine the Unilever System of Work
• Strengths and weaknesses of Unilever’s purpose
workshops, future fit plans and responsible automation
plan.
-Discover your purpose workshops and Future-fit plans
-Responsible automation plan
• How decentralized should Unilever keep its future of work
plan
a. Unilever=One plan
b. Safe Middle ground Local choice (decentralize)
CASE STUDY 2: EXIDE INDUSTRIES LTD

• Exide Industries Limited (Exide) is an Indian multinational storage battery.

• It is the largest manufacturer of lead-acid storage batteries and power storage.
• Ten international standard factories spread across five states in the country.
• Setting up a plant in Bengaluru, Karnataka to cater to India's EV market.
• Exide exports its batteries to more than 60 countries across the globe.
• Exide has a strong 95,000+ distributor & dealer / sub-dealer network
• Exide Industries' competitors- 50% market share
• Havells India.
• Indo National.
• HBL Power Systems-
• Amara Raja- 35% market share
• Trojan Battery.
• EaglePicher Technologies.
ACCOUNT PAYABLE PROCESS

Here are the key steps in an accounts payable process flow chart:
1. Send purchase order to the supplier.
2. Receive and inspect goods.
3. Receive invoice.
4. Match document 2 or 3 ways.
5. Code invoice.
6. Route invoice for approval.
7. Submit invoice for payment.
8. Record all transactions in the GL.
Full cycle of AP process includes:
• Receiving the purchase order (PO) from the purchase
department,
• Receiving the invoice from the vendor,
• Matching/validating the PO and the invoice
• Approval final payment to the vendor
 ROLE PLAY FOR EVERY QUESTION

Need 6 Volunteer/6 members

-MD
-CEO
-Senior VP of corporate accounts
-HR manager
-IT manager
-Concerned employees
DISCUSSION 1- STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS

• How can EIL balance human capital and automation as it

considerations broader digital transformations strategies?
• What are the ethical considerations and potential challenges
in this endeavor?
DISCUSSION 2- CHALLENGE RESOLUTION

• What path should EIL take to effectively resolve the

challenges within its AP processes?
DISCUSSION 3- PROCESS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

• How has digital transformation influenced EIL’s prospects

for future growth, competitive edge and overall operational
efficiency?
PROGRESS OF EIL

• Exide Industries Limited: Pioneering Remote-as-a-Servi

ce through Augmented Reality
• Exide Industries Limited: Transforming Batteries with t
he Internet of Things
TERMS RELATED TO AR-EXIDE

• business model canvas framework (BMC)

• Shared Services in manufacturing ( SSiM) ex- star alliance
assets services ; unilever employee sharing
• Raas Model- Remote as a service
FORMULATE A SOCIAL MEDIA POST SUMMARIZING
A KEY INSIGHT FROM THE DISCUSSION
OR MAKE A TITLE
FORMULATE A SOCIAL MEDIA POST SUMMARIZING
A KEY INSIGHT FROM THE DISCUSSION

• Example: Reaction of EIL towards the pandemic

• - Complexity of digital transformation
• -balancing tech and human capital
• Describe, design, challenge, invent, and pivot your business your
business model.

• The Business Model Canvas is a strategic management template used

for developing new business models and documenting existing one
• Customer Segments, Value Proposition, Revenue Streams, Channels,
Customer Relationships, Key Activities, Key Resources, Key Partners,
and Cost Structure.
WOULD TRANSITIONING TO AN RAAS
MODEL BE THE RIGHT MOVE FOR EIL?
GIVE THE NOVELTY AND RISKS
OF IMPLEMENTING AN AR
SOLUTION
APPLY THE BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS
FRAMEWORK TO ANALYSE THE
INTERGRATION OF AN SSIM MODEL
SESSION 5- AR AND VR

• Introduction
• Difference
• Application
• AR skills
What is this image reflecting?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hScacmPAek
 AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)

• AR overlays digital information, such as images, videos, or 3D models,

onto the real-world environment through devices like smartphones, tablets,
or AR glasses.
• Technology: Utilizes sensors, cameras, and display technologies to
superimpose digital content onto the physical world in real time.
• Worldwide spending on AR and VR was hit $20.4 billion in 2019.
• According to Digi-Capital, mobile AR apps can reach 3,5 billion installed
base by 2022
HOW MUCH ARE YOU
AWARE ABOUT AR?
DAILY LIFE EXAMPLES OF AR

• Do you remember any ?

ANY IDEA?
HOW ARE THEY USING AR?

• https://easternpeak.com/blog/bringing-augmented-reality-to
-your-retail-app/
• U.S. Army’s TAR: Tactical Augmented Reality (TAR)
assists soldiers in locating fellow soldiers, showcasing AR’s
potential in defense.
Design and modelling:
• Businesses often use AR for 3D modeling during the design process
for items like homes and cars. AR can facilitate early-stage product
creation and development, giving designers a precise view of product
form and function.

Video : How Augmented Reality Will Change The World Forever

VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY - THE EARLY
YEARS
• The history of Virtual and Augmented Reality started a 180 years
ago.
• In 1838, Charles Wheatstone invented the stereoscope.
• To view, to look at two similar images to create a 3D effect.
• A century later, William Gruber and
Harold Graves introduced the
View-Master at the 1939 New York
World’s Fair. Intended to be an
alternative to the scenic postcard.
• In 1960, Morton Heilig invented
the Sensorama, creating the first-
ever head-mounted display.
• This invention used not only
stereoscopic technology and 3D
imaging, but also widescreen
vision and stereo sound all in one.
 First virtual reality head-mounted display
system with student Robert Sproull.

These two inventions

have led to other virtual
and augmented reality
breakthroughs. In 1965,
Ivan Sutherland, a
computer scientist.

-Father of computer
A system that would allow users to interact
graphics. with virtual objects in a natural environment
REST YOU KNOW
 VIRTUAL REALITY (VR):
• VR creates a fully immersive digital environment that completely
replaces the real world, typically experienced through VR headsets.
• Technology: Uses headsets with screens, motion sensors, and
sometimes additional devices like gloves or treadmills to allow users to
interact with a completely virtual environment.
• VR applications transport users into a simulated environment,
disconnected from the real world.
Examples:
• Oculus Rift,
• HTC Vive,
• PlayStation VR

Video: Beyond Meta and Apple Vision Pro, I Saw the

Future of AR Glasses
DIFFERENCE B/W AR AND VR
APPLICATIONS OF AR
APPLICATIONS OF VR
TRAINING AND SIMULATIONS
1. VR can only be experienced through a headset. (True/False)
2. AR is used in surgical procedures for enhanced visualization. (True/False)
3. VR stands for Virtual Reality. (True/False)

4. Imagination 1: A person wearing a VR headset playing a game.

5. Imagination 2: A smartphone showing a virtual dinosaur in a real park.
6. Imagination 3: A real estate agent giving a virtual property tour using VR.
NE
DO
DY
EA
LR
A
1. Describe one business application of AR.
2. Name a VR platform and describe a popular use case.
3. Explain one advantage and one challenge of using VR
in education.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

• Reinforce understanding of AR and VR concepts.

• Foster teamwork and collaboration among students.
• Encourage critical thinking and application of AR and VR
knowledge.
 APPLICATIONS OF AR AND VR

1. Education: Interactive learning experiences, virtual • Education: Virtual classrooms, immersive

labs, and historical reconstructions. lessons, and interactive simulations.

2. Healthcare: Surgical simulations, vein visualization • Healthcare: Therapy for phobias and PTSD,
for injections, and patient education. surgical training, and pain management.

3. Retail: Virtual try-ons, interactive store displays, and • Entertainment: Immersive gaming
enhanced product information. experiences, virtual concerts, and 360-degree
movies.
4. Gaming: Real-world environments enhanced with
game elements, such as in Pokemon Go. • Real Estate: Virtual property tours and
architectural visualization.
5. Navigation: Enhanced maps and real-time directions,
such as Google Maps AR. • Training and Simulation: Military training,
flight simulation, and industrial safety
training.
• Career and Future Prospects Due to AR and VR

WHAT DO YOU THINK

ONE THING WILL BE SAME-----??????????
• Leading the people
• Project developer/manager
• Business developer
• Client/customers
 AR SKILLS

Apart from technical skills , You’ll also need various workplace skills, including customer service and problem-solving.

• VR and AR software development

• C++
• Spatial modeling
• UX design
• Machine learning
• User interface design
• Programming
• Version control
• 3D programming
• Unity
AR MARKETING CAMPAIGN.

Objective: Each group presents their AR marketing campaign

to the class.
• Discuss the potential impact, feasibility, and creativity of
each campaign.
Download- AR app or platform (e.g., ARKit, ARCore)
• HINT: Few AR-enabled marketing examples to demonstrate
(e.g., interactive product demos, virtual try-ons)
• IKEA
• Sephora
• BMW
 USE OF ALL

These technologies are being used to

improve productivity, training, visualisation,
and customer engagement, leading to their
adoption in enterprises.
Training and simulations (e.g., industrial training), design
and visualisation (e.g., architecture), and interactive
experiences (e.g., interactive museums)
It has been a decade since Google launched Google Glass,
which marked the beginning of commercial virtual reality
headset development. Several companies such as NVIDIA,
Siemens, and Microsoft have recently unveiled their strategies
for the industrial metaverse, distinct from the consumer-
focused metaverse.
• Discuss how AR and VR technologies can impact their
future careers and industries they are interested in
 INVESTMENTS BY VENTURE CAPITALISTS IN AR
STARTUPS IN INDIA
INDIA’S AR STARTUP LANDSCAPE BOASTS REMARKABLE VENTURES BACKED BY VENTURE CAPITAL
INVESTMENTS:
• 1. JetSynthesys: Pune-based JetSynthesys develops AR-based entertainment apps for gaming,
eSports, and wellness. It has secured funding of USD 94 million from investors, including
Sachin Tendulkar and Kris Gopalakrishnan.

• 2. PlayShifu: Bengaluru’s PlayShifu focuses on AR-based STEM educational games like

Shifu Orboot, securing USD 32 million in funding to enhance classroom learning.

• 3. Practically: Hyderabad’s Practically offers an AR-based STEM learning app with practical
learning through AR, simulations, and 3D videos. It has secured USD 24 million in funding to
date.

• 4. 3rdFlix: Hyderabad’s 3rdFlix provides AR and VR-based educational tools for simulations,
concept videos, and test prep, securing USD 15 million in funding.

• 5. AjnaLens: Thane-based AjnaLens offers AI-powered mixed reality glasses for defense,
education, and enterprise. It secured USD 8 million in funding to drive innovation.
 CREATIVE STARTUPS IN AR

Several notable startups have embraced AR to redefine industries:

1. Houssup: Founded by IIT Bombay and IIT Roorkee graduates, Houssup simplifies interior design using
AR, virtual tours, and AI.
2. StyleDotMe: Fashion tech startup StyleDotMe introduced “MirrAR,” enabling customers to virtually try
on jewelry from various brands.
3. Adloid: Adloid empowers retail, home decor, and real estate sectors with AR, ML, and AI for
augmented trials and catalogs.
4. Preksh: Preksh offers 360-degree panoramic tours with informative overlays, revolutionizing
engagement through AR-based exploration.
Future of Augmented Reality (AR): Unveiling Transformative Pathways
• The future of Augmented Reality (AR) is promising, with apps like Pokemon Go and retail applications
showcasing its potential. The rise of 5G networks will drive cloud-based AR, while Apple’s ARKit and
ARCore for Android are making strides in shopping apps and geospatial enhancements.
FUTURE SKILLS

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcWKbX49SJw
LET’S UNDERSTAND THE BASICS FIRST
What is a Blockchain?
Ledger is a database which says who owns what and at what price and is updated with every new trx
WHAT IS BLOCKCHAIN & CRYPTOCURRENCY

Centralized Ledger De-centralized Ledger

● For Money - Banks/RBI ● Transactions are NOT recorded and authorized

● For Property - Regional Registries by any central authority
● For Stocks - Depository Participants (CDSL, NSDL)
● It is done on a DIGITAL LEDGER which is
● For Insurance Policies - Insurance Cos, IRDA
maintained by people who don’t know each other
● For In-Game Assets - Company Server
and verify trx by solving a mathematical problem
Key Risk: Central Authority Can Change Rules As Per Their Will over a network
Which May Not Be In Best Interest of Citizens/Consumers
● Cryptocurrency: People are incentivized to do
verification over these decentralized ledgers
(blockchain) by issuing Cryptocurrency (fungible
token)
IMAGINE A WORLD WHEREIN YOU CAN ONLY BUY STUFF &
NOT SELL THEM!
Physical World Digital World?

● House ● Image
● Car ● Video
● Stocks ● Non-Physical Book
● Furniture ● In-Game Characters
● Digital Land
What Makes Buying/Selling in Physical
World Very Natural/Seamless Implications

● Clear ownership of goods ● Less number of people will be eager to

buy
OWNERSHIP OF GOODS IN DIGITAL WORLD IS HERE!

Physical World Digital World

● Proof of Ownership of Digital World Assets Is
● Ownership of Assets In Non-Digital World
Represented By Non Fungible Tokens
○ Seat on a Plane - Flight Ticket ○ Image (Digital Art, Profile Pic etc)
○ Seat on a Train - Train Ticket ○ Piece of music
○ Car - Ownership Papers ○ Digital Land
○ A Video
○ House - Ownership Papers
○ In-game assets
○ Even Spouse - Marriage Papers!
Trading of Digital Assets
Establishing ownership of digital assets has led to
BUYING & SELLING of those ASSETS -
● Differentiating between Real & Fake
● Who is the owner of original copy of the digital good
FUNGIBLE TOKENS AND NONFUNGIBLE TOKENS

• Fungible tokens are cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.

• Nonfungible tokens are units of data that represent a unique
digital asset stored and verified on the blockchain
• Blockchain is the underlying technology that can easily prove
ownership of an intangible digital item. like an intellectual
property, academic title or an artwork.
 UPDATES ON BLOCKCHAIN

• The United States is at the forefront, with widespread acceptance, research associations,
and cryptocurrency infrastructure.
• China, despite crypto mining bans, is a strong advocate of Blockchain technology, with
government initiatives like the Blockchain Service Network (BSN).
• Switzerland's supportive environment and liberal regulations have made it a hub for over
450 Blockchain-based businesses.
• Singapore competes with China and Japan in Blockchain development, with forward-
thinking policies and numerous ICOs.
• The United Kingdom actively fosters Blockchain growth with regulations and initiatives like
Blockchain-as-a-service (BaaS).

• Germany's thriving Blockchain ecosystem benefits from clear regulations, academic research, and
corporate integration.

• Japan stands out with its well-defined regulatory framework and adoption of Blockchain across
various sectors.

• South Korea excels due to government support, robust startup culture, and strategic location
attracting investments.

• El Salvador made history by adopting Bitcoin as legal tender, promoting financial inclusion and
transparency.

• Canada's proactive government and thriving startup ecosystem have positioned it as a Blockchain
powerhouse
ABOUT THE CASE-

• Name the biggest container ship in the world.

• Maersk operates in how many countries.
• Approx. no. of employees in Maersk
• How many vessels and containers shipping in year.
• No. of ports across the globe.
• Who is the general manager of IBM blockchain
• How many players are involved in journey of shipment
 ABOUT THE CASE-

• Name the biggest container ship in the world-Paragraph 1; page no. 1

• Maersk operates in how many countries: Paragraph 2; page no. 2
• How many vessels and containers shipping in year -Paragraph 3; page no.
2
• Approx. no. of employees in Maersk: -Paragraph 2; page no. 2
• No. of ports across the globe: -Paragraph 3; page no. 2
• Who is the general manager of IBM blockchain: Paragraph 4; page no. 3
• How many players are involved in journey of shipment: JOURNEY OF
SHIPMENT
 FACTS

• Walker 2017 surveyed that $600 billion a year fraud in maritime.

• Global trade can increase 15% and worldwide GDP could rise by 5%.-
World Economic Forum Report.
 REASONS OF FAILURE

Competition and Lack of

Data Privacy and
Resistance to Change Cooperation Interoperability Issues
Regulatory Concerns
Industry Conservatism Competitive Concerns Fragmented Systems
Data Sensitivity
Integration Challenges Reluctance to Lack of Standardization
Regulatory Hurdles
Collaborate

Misaligned Incentives
Economics and ROI
Technology and Mismatch of Interests
Cost-Benefit Analysis Scalability Issues Vendor Lock-In
Implementation Costs Concerns
AREAS TO BE FOCUSED

Understanding
Industry Behaviour

Focusing on
Interoperability

Building Trust and

Cooperation
BLOCKCHAIN AND FUTURE OF WORK
LEADERSHIP AND FUTURE OF
WORK

• Understanding Leadership in the digital age

• Evolving Role of leadership
• Adapting different types of leadership styles,
• Technology-enabled leadership practices,
• Authentic and ethical leadership and social
responsibility.
HOW LEADER CAN BUILD A
TRUST
• Face to face meeting
• Frequently meetings
• Creating clarity about team norms,
• Managing team expectations
• Allowing members to connect through shared experiences
on a regular basis.
MEDIA SYNCHRONICITY THEORY (MST)

• A theory based on media characteristics, task communication

function, and team processes. Synchronicity is more important
for convergence than for conveyance processes.

• A theory based on media characteristics, task communication function,

and team processes. (Dennis and Valacich 1999).
MEDIA SYNCHRONICITY THEORY (MST)

• Media synchronicity theory (MST) focuses on the ability of media to

support synchronicity, a shared pattern of coordinated behavior among
individuals as they work together.
• Where communication is composed of two primary processes:
conveyance and convergence.
• SYNCHRONICITY is defined as a state in which individuals are
working together with a common focus.
• MST focuses on the capabilities of media to support synchronicity.
WHY?

• How different communication tools can affect the way we

share information and work together.
Synchronicity: communication tool supports back-and-forth
conversation in real-time.
-High synchronicity means people can respond to each other
instantly, like in face-to-face talks or video calls.
-Low synchronicity means there's a delay between messages, like
in emails or text messages.
Communication Processes:
Conveyance: This involves sharing new information or ideas. When
conveying information, it's often okay if there's a delay because people
need time to think about the information.
Convergence: This involves reaching a common understanding or
agreement. For convergence, real-time communication is often better
because it allows for immediate feedback and clarification.
• Convergence is the merging of communication platforms such
as; feature films, print, television, radio, live experiences, theme
parks, games, the Internet along with portable and interactive
technologies through various digital media platforms.
• The Theory and Practice of the Languages of Conveyance is
concerned with encoding and transmitting messages; it defines
and describes methods of conveying thoughts and feelings as
expression and exchange, response and reply.
• Reprocessability: Readdressing a message within the
context of the communication event (e.g., rereading,
printing).
• --------------to subject to a special process or treatment in
preparation for reuse.
• Rehearsability: Fine tuning a message before sending.
Ref: Dennis, A. R., Fuller, R. M., & Valacich, J. S. (2008). Media, tasks, and communication processes: A theory of media synchronicity. MIS quarterly, 575-600.
• Parallelism (parallel structure or parallel construction ) refers to using
similar words, clauses, phrases, sentence structure, or other grammatical
elements to emphasize similar ideas in a sentence. It makes the sentence
concise, clear, and easy to read.
OR
• Repetition of the same grammatical form in two or more parts of a
sentence. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watching movies. I like to jog, bake,
paint, and watch movies.
• Symbol set: Collections of symbols that cover a wide vocabulary
VARIOUS STYLES OF LEADERSHIP IN DIGITAL AGE

• AI situational and adaptable leadership

Prepare Various Styles/types of leadership in
Digital age for tomorrow’s class
CASE STUDY-4

• Examine and evaluate the current situation at Agilus work

solutions.
• What are some of the root causes and contributing issues
that will affect the future of work at Agilus?
• Identify the decision criteria that Brown should use to make his
decision, and match them the various potential courses of action
that he might consider.

• As Brown, What is your best plan of action? Provide details as

well as contingency plans. Justify this plan based on your analysis.
QUICK

• PLEDGE TO FLEX
• Shweta Mohanty
• Any three ethos of SAP
How many engineers organized ten scrum teams
• How many researches have conducted to finalise the model
• How many options given for hybrid format
• How many principles for PLEDGE TO FLEX
• ELIXIR
• Name the program for sense of belongingness
CASE STUDY -5

STAR Model by JAY

GALBRAITH

People Strategy

Rewards Structure

Processes
STAGES OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT

Bruce tuckman, 1965

• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning
PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY
 GLOBAL INTEGRATION
VS
LOCAL RESPONSIVENESS FRAMEWORK
TWO FACTOR HERZBERG THEORY
 ADKAR MODEL OF CHANGE

Awareness Desire Knowledge Ability Reinforcement