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3 Relations and Functions

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3 views

3 Relations and Functions

Uploaded by

zapantajamayla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Determine the

relationship of the
following
characters:
Father and Daughter
Husband and Wife
Athletes and Coaches
Relations
And
Functions
A relation is a set of ordered pairs,
(x and y values may be repeated).
The domain is the set of all x values in the relation
domain = {-1,0,2,4,9}
These are the x values written in a set from smallest to largest

This is a
{(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)} relation

These are the y values written in a set from smallest to largest

range = {-6,-2,3,5,9}

The range is the set of all y values in the relation


A relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Domain (set of all x’s) Range (set of all y’s)

This relation can be written {(1,6), (2,2), (3,4), (4,8), (5,10)}


AAfunction
functionff from
fromset
setAAtotoset
set BBisisaarule
ruleof
of correspondence
correspondence
that
that assigns
assignsto toeach
eachelement
element xxin inthe
theset
setAAexactly
exactly one
element
element yyin
inthe
theset
set B,
B. (x values cannot be repeated).

No
1 xh
are 2 tha as
’s ed 2 m
x
All sign
4 ass n one ore
3 ign y
as 6 ed
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range


This is a function
---it meets our Must use all the x’s
conditions
The x value can only be assigned to one y
Let’s look at another relation and decide if it is a function.
The second condition says each x can have only one y, but it CAN
be the same y as another x gets assigned to.
No
1 xh
are 2 tha as
’s ed 2 m
x
All sign
4 ass n one ore
3 ign y
as 6 ed
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range


This is a function
---it meets our Must use all the x’s
conditions
The x value can only be assigned to one y
A good example that you can “relate” to is students in our
math class this semester are set A. The grade they earn out
of the class is set B. Each student must be assigned a grade
and can only be assigned ONE grade, but more than one
student can get the same grade (we hope so---we want lots
of A’s). The example show on the previous screen had each
student getting the same grade. That’s okay.

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

2 was assigned to both 4 and 10


Is the relation shown above a function? NO Why not???
Check this relation and determine if it is a function.
It is not a function—domain 3 didn’t get assigned to anything
Comparing to our example, a student in maths must receive a grade

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range


This is not a
function---it Must use all the x’s
doesn’t assign
each x with a y The x value can only be assigned to one y
Check this relation and determine if it is a function.
This is a function—each student gets only one grade. More than one
can get an A, but not all scores have to be given out (so all y’s don’t
need to be used)
1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function Must use all the x’s

The x value can only be assigned to one y


Representation of
Relations
Aside from ordered pairs, a
relation may be represented
in four ways: (1) table, (2)
mapping diagram, (3)
graph, (4) Equation/rule.
Table x y
The table describes clearly -2 -4
the behavior of the value of y as
the value of x changes. The -1 -2
tables can be generated based
on the graph 0 0
1 2
x -2 -1 0 1 2
2 4
y -4 -2 0 2 4
Mapping Diagram
Subsequently, a
relation can be
described by using a
diagram
Mapping Diagram
x y
-2
-4
-1
-2
0
0
1 2
2 4
Graph
Equation/ Rule

x -2 -1 0 1 2
y
Example
Given the graph, complete
the set of ordered pairs and the
table of values and draw the
mapping diagram
Set of ordered pairs:
{(0,6), (1,5), (2, ( , ),4),
( ,(3,
(),, ),
(3),
,(),,(4,
(),
(, ,),2),
),( (,
(),
(5,
,(),1),
, )} , ()},(6,
()}
, )}
0)}

X Y

0 6
X Y 1 5
0 6 2 4
1 5 3 3
2 4 4 2
3 3
5 1
4 2
6 0
5 1
6 0
Example
Given the domain {1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
make a set of ordered pairs given that:
a.) Range is twice the domain.
b.) Range is one more than the domain.
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

a.) Range is twice the domain.


{}
b.) Range is one more than the domain.
{}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

a.) Range is twice the domain.


{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
b.) Range is one more than the domain.
{}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

a.) Range is twice the domain.


{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
{(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10)}
b.) Range is one more than the domain.
{}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

a.) Range is twice the domain.


{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
{(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10)}
b.) Range is one more than the domain.
{2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
a.) Range is twice the domain.
{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
{(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8), (5, 10)}
b.) Range is one more than the domain.
{2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6)}
Example
Construct a Table of Values that
will illustrate the costs of notebooks if
the price of one is Php 12.
Let x be the number of notebooks and
y the cost of notebooks.
Let x be the number of notebooks and
y the cost of notebooks.

X 1 2 3 4 x
Y
Let x be the number of notebooks and
y the cost of notebooks.

X 1 2 3 4 x
Y 12 24 36 48 12x
Let x be the number of notebooks and
y the cost of notebooks.

X 1 2 3 4 x
Y 12 24 36 48 12x

Equation we get is:


Let x be the number of notebooks and
y the cost of notebooks.

X 1 2 3 4 x
Y 12 24 36 48 12x

Equation we get is:


y = 12x
HOME-BASED ACTIVITY:
Identify the domain and range and determine
it is a function or relation:

Set of Ordered Pairs Domain Range Relation/Function

{(5,4), (4,3), (3,2), (3,1)}

{(-2,3), (-1, 3), (2, 1) (1,1)}

{(-1, 1), (0,0), (1,1),


(-2,4), (2,4)}

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