4-The Essential Components of Physical Education

THE ESSENTIAL
COMPONENTS OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
 Physical Development- It is not only free from diseases but
includes physical fitness as well,
 Emotional Development-The informal nature of physical education
activities offers opportunities for the development of a high level of
self esteem and ability to cope with routine stresses of daily living.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
 Social Development-It is the development and maintenance of a
meaningful interpersonal relationship.
 Mental Development-Through participation in physical education
activities, the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns
the principles, rules and strategies of games and sports.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
 It is a combination of medical fitness (body soundness) and dynamic fitness (capacity for
action). A physically fit person is free from disease and can move and perform efficiently.
Neither good health not physical proficiency alone constitutes physical fitness, which
combines both qualities. Another factor is emotional factor. This is readily apparent in
athletic contests, where good performance requires self- discipline, effective teamwork,
and the ability to remain calm under stress.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
 Medical fitness and dynamic fitness usually go together, but it is

impossible to posses one without the other. Many people who are
medically sound may also weak and unable to endure strenuous
physical exertion. They are descried as being “out of condition.”
Other people with chronic health problems are physically strong and
skilled. Intensive conditioning helps them to offset the handicaps of
bad health.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
 Physical fitness is the primary specific objective in teaching PE.

Thus, it is in order that PE teacher should have the correct concept
of Physical Fitness.
 Physical Fitness is the ability of an individual to perform one’s daily
activities efficiently without undue fatigue, reduce the risk of health
problems and with extra “reserve” in case of emergency.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
 Physical fitness is the primary specific objective in teaching PE.

Thus, it is in order that PE teacher should have the correct concept
of Physical Fitness.
 Physical Fitness is the ability of an individual to perform one’s daily
activities efficiently without undue fatigue, reduce the risk of health
problems and with extra “reserve” in case of emergency.
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
Through regular exercises, physical fitness helps the individual:

 In the proper growth of young bones and muscles;
 Improve the ability to avoid and recover from illnesses and accidents
 Improve posture and appearance by strengthening muscles that support the
 body;
 Minimize stress response
 Maintain proper body weight
 Prevent heart ailment
 Improve organic functions
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
 Delay the aging process

 Feel good and younger as a human being, and
 Experience joy of participation in any recreational or sports activitie
HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS
1. Cardio-respiratory endurance – the ability of the heart and lungs to function

efficiently and effectively over a prolonged period of time.
2. Muscular strength – the ability of muscle group to contract against a resistance.
Examples would be the bench press, leg press or bicep curl. The push up test is most
often used to test muscular strength.
3. Muscular endurance – the ability to continue selected muscle group movements
for a prolonged period of time. Examples would be cycling, step machines and
elliptical machines. The sit up test is most often used to test muscular endurance.
HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS
4. Flexibility – the functional capacity of a joint to move through a normal range of
motion. The muscular system is also involved. Examples would be stretching
individual muscles or the ability to perform certain functional movements such as the
lunge. The sit and reach test is most often used to test flexibility.
5. Body composition – one of the newer attributes in physical fitness components. It
refers to the relative distribution of lean and fact body tissues. It is the amount of fat
mass compared to lean muscle mass, bone and organs. This can be measured using
underwater weighing, Skinfold readings, and bioelectrical impedance. Underwater
weighing is considered the “gold standard” for body fat measurement, however
because of the size and expense of the equipment needed very few places are set up
to do this kind of measurement.
SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
1. Balance – it involves vision, reflexes, and skeletal

muscular system which provides the maintenance of
equilibrium.
2. Coordination – it is the ability to integrate the senses with
muscles so as to produce accurate, smooth and harmonious
body movement.
3. Agility – it is the capacity to change the direction of the
body quickly and effectively.
SKILL-RELATED FITNESS
4. Speed – it is the ability to move one’s body from one

point to another in a shorted possible time.
5. Power – power is sometimes confused with strength.
Speed of contraction, likewise, is the basic ingredient which,
when combine with strength, provides an explosive type of
movement.
6. Reaction time – the time required to respond or initiate a
movement as a result of a given stimulus.
SPECIFIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL
FITNESS
 ORGANIC VIGOR – refers to the soundness of the heart and lungs which contributes to
the ability to resists disease.
 ENDURANCE – is the ability to sustain long continued contractions where a number of
muscle groups are used; the capacity to bear or last long in a certain task without undue
fatigue.
 STRENGTH – is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or
breaking; the ability of the muscles to exert efforts against resistance.
 POWER – refers to the ability of the muscles to release maximum force in the shortest
period of time.
 FLEXIBILITY – is the quality of plasticity, which gives the ability to do a wide range of
movement
SPECIFIC COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL
FITNESS
 AGILITY – is the ability of the individual to change direction or position in space with
quickness and lightness of movement while maintaining dynamic balance.
 BALANCE – is the ability to control organic equipment neuro-muscularly; a state of
equilibrium.
 SPEED – is the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the shortest
period of time.
 COORDINATION – is the ability to integrate the body parts to produce smooth motion.
PHYSICAL WELLNESS
 Physical wellness – is the positive state of well-being and capability of an individual to

design personal fitness programs for improving and maintaining optimum levels of health.
It is a combination of many different components (mental, social, emotional, spiritual and
physical) that expand one’s potential to live a quality life, to work effectively and to make
a significant contribution to the society. Wellness reflects how one feels about life as well
as one’s ability to function effectively. It is also described as the positive component of
good health. Being physically active can build physical fitness that in turn, provides you
with many health and wellness benefits.
BENEFITS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS
♥ LOOKING GOOD – regular physical activity is a healthy lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle such as
proper nutrition, good posture and good body mechanics can help you look at your best.
♥ FEELING GOOD - people who engage in regular physical activity feel better. You can resist
fatigue, less likely to be injured and are capable of working more efficiently.
♥ ENJOYING LIFE – life is more enjoyable when you engage in regular physical activity that
results in physical fitness as the key to be able to do more of the things you want to do.
♥ MEETING EMERGENCIES – fit and active person has the capacity to help or to assist
other people when they needed some help.

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THE ESSENTIAL

 Medical fitness and dynamic fitness usually go together, but it is

 Physical fitness is the primary specific objective in teaching PE.

 Physical fitness is the primary specific objective in teaching PE.

Through regular exercises, physical fitness helps the individual:

 Delay the aging process

1. Cardio-respiratory endurance – the ability of the heart and lungs to function

1. Balance – it involves vision, reflexes, and skeletal

4. Speed – it is the ability to move one’s body from one

 Physical wellness – is the positive state of well-being and capability of an individual to

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