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Module 2 Part 1 - Large Scale Fading

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14 views32 pages

Module 2 Part 1 - Large Scale Fading

Uploaded by

RAJPUT MANITA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module 2

Wireless Propagation models


Phenomenon of Reflection,
Diffraction and Scattering
What are the types of propagation
models??

Large Scale fading models Small Scale fading models


• Used when Tx-Rx distance is large • Used when Tx-Rx distance is small
• Used when the Tx-Rx is stationary • Used when Tx-Rx is moving
• Used when the power received at • Used when power received at Rx
the Rx is gradually changing is changing instantaneously fast.
Model 1: Friis Free Space model
Model 1: Friis Free Space model
• Any limitations of this model??
• 1. LOS path should exist between Tx and Rx.
• 2. The distance of Rx should be greater than fraunhoffer distance. i.e.
Another version of Friis Free space
equation
Numerical 1:

Find the far field distance for an antenna with a max


dimension of 2.5 m and operating at a frequency of
900 MHz.
Numerical 2:

If a Tx produces 65W of power express the transmitted


power in units of dBW and dBm . If 50W is applied to a
unity gain antenna with a 900 MHz carrier frequency find
the received power in dBm at a free space distance of 100
m from the antenna. What is Power received at 10 km for
the same case. Assume unity gain for the receiving antenna
also.
Pr(100m)=50*(3*10^8)^2/(900MHz)^2*(4*pi)^2*(100)^2
2nd Propagation model: Two Ray
Ground reflection model
Part 1
• Aim: To derive an expression of Etot.
• Notations used:
Part 2:
• Aim: To find the path difference and phase difference

Eg
To find Etot at a particular time interval t=d”/c

Part 3:
Part 4: Using Vector algebra to find Etot
Etot
Elos=Eodo/d=A

Eg Ei
Part 4 (contd.)
Why was only perpendicular
polarization considered??

• For a parallel polarized signal, at a certain angle of incidence there are no


reflections observed. The entire signal penetrates into the second
medium.
• This angle of incidence is known as Brewster angle.
Reflection coefficient vs. angle of incidence
Numericals
• Calculate the Brewster angle for a wave
impinging on ground having a permittivity of 4

• Given that Pt = 50w, Gt=1, Gr = 2, Ht= 50 m,


Hr= 1.5m, d = 10km.
Find the power received at a distance of 10 km
according to 2 ray Ground reflection model.
Second phenomenon of propagation

• Diffraction
• What is Diffraction?
• Based on Huygen’s principle
Fresnels zone….(What are they??)
More about Fresnel zones….

• How are these Fresnel zones numbered?


• What about the path difference between the waves propagating
through successive zones?
• The multipath components are constructive or destructive?
• Radius of the nth Fresnel zone is:
Knife Edge Diffraction model

• To find path difference


• Phase Difference
• Diffraction angle
• Fresnel-Kirchoff parameter
• Diffraction loss
Knife Edge Diffraction model
Knife Edge Diffraction model
Numericals
)=?

)=?

𝛼 = 𝛽+𝛾

Find value of V
2
𝐴=𝜋 𝑟
)=?

)=?

𝛼 = 𝛽+𝛾

Find value of V
Some Empirical models
• Log Distance Path loss model
Log Normal Shadowing model

Gaussian
distributed variable

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