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    2 Data Communications Concepts

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    2 Data Communications Concepts

    Uploaded by

    abiskarpokhrel999
    2 views15 pages

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    2 Data Communications Concepts (2)

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    2 views15 pages

    2 Data Communications Concepts

    Uploaded by

    abiskarpokhrel999

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA

    NAAC - A grade, NBA accredited courses(2009-12, 2016-18), UGC Autonomous College

    Course Code: AGCS-21304


    Course Name: Computer Networks
    TOPIC: Data Communications Concepts

    Er. Jaspreet Singh


    Assistant Professor
    Department of Computer Science and Engineering

    1 1
    Topics
    -Data Transmission
    • Data Transmission and its components
    -Digital and analog transmissions
    • Modem
    - Line Configuration in Computer Networks

    2
    DATA
    TRANSMISSION
    • Data transmission, digital transmission, or digital communication is the transfer of data
    from one point to another.
    • Data transmission is the transfer of data from point-to-point often represented as an
    electromagnetic signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
    communication channel.
    • A communication channel refers to the medium used to convey information from a
    sender (or transmitter) to a receiver, and it can use fully or partially the medium.
    Examples of channels: copper wires,
    Optical fibers or wireless communication channels.

    3
    4
    Digital and analog transmissions
    Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a data source, such
    as a computer or a keyboard. It may also be an analog signal, such as a phone
    call or a video signal.
    Analog transmission is the transfer of a continuously varying analog signal
    over an analog channel.
    Digital communications is the transfer of discrete messages over a digital or
    an analog channel.

    5
    6
    Data Communication System Components :
    There are mainly five components of a data communication system:

    1. Message
    2. Sender
    3. Receiver
    4. Transmission Medium
    5. Set of rules (Protocol)

    7
    Data Communication System Components
     Message :
    This is most useful asset of a data communication system. The message simply refers to data or piece
    of information which is to be communicated. A message could be in any form, it may be in form of a
    text file, an audio file, a video file, etc.

     Sender :
    To transfer message from source to destination, someone must be there who will play role of a source.
    Sender plays part of a source in data communication system. It is simple a device that sends data
    message. The device could be in form of a computer, mobile, telephone, laptop, video camera, or a
    workstation, etc.

     Receiver :
    It is destination where finally message sent by source has arrived. It is a device that receives message.
    Same as sender, receiver can also be in form of a computer, telephone mobile, workstation, etc.

    8
    Data Communication System Components
     Transmission Medium :
    In entire process of data communication, there must be something which could act as a bridge between
    sender and receiver, Transmission medium plays that part. It is physical path by which data or message
    travels from sender to receiver. Transmission medium could be guided (with wires) or unguided
    (without wires), for example, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, etc.

     Set of rules (Protocol) :


    To govern data communications, various sets of rules had been already designed by the designers of the
    communication systems, which represent a kind of agreement between communicating devices. These
    are defined as protocol.
    In simple terms, the protocol is a set of rules that govern data communication. If two
    different devices are connected but there is no protocol among them, there would not be any kind of
    communication between those two devices. Thus the protocol is necessary for data communication
    to take place.

    9
    Modem
    Modem is short for "Modulator-Demodulator.“

    It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device,


    such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet.

    It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable


    wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a computer can recognize.

     Similarly, it converts digital data from a computer or other device


    into an analog signal that can be sent over standard telephone lines.
    10
    Modems

    11
    12
    Line Configuration in Computer Networks

    A network is two or more devices connected through a link. A link is a


    communication pathway that transfers data from one device to another.
    For communication to occur, two devices must be connected in some way to
    the same link at the same time.

    There are two possible types of connections:


    Point-to-Point Connection
    Multipoint Connection

    13
    Point-to-Point Connection :
     A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.
     The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices.
     Most point-to-point connections use an actual length of wire or cable to connect the two ends, but other
    options such as microwave or satellite links are also possible.
     Point to point network topology is considered to be one of the easiest and most conventional
    networks topologies.
     It is also the simplest to establish and understand.

    14
    Multipoint Connection
     It is also called Multidrop configuration. In this connection, two or more devices share a single link.
     More than two devices share the link that is the capacity of the channel is shared now.
     With shared capacity, there can be two possibilities in a Multipoint Line configuration:
    1. Spatial Sharing: If several devices can share the link simultaneously, it’s called Spatially shared line
    configuration.
    2. Temporal (Time) Sharing: If users must take turns using the link, then it’s called Temporally shared or Time
    Shared Line configuration.

    15

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