The Rebirth of the Filipinos.
Filipino nationalism emerged only in the 19th century
EARLY RESISTANCE TO SPANISH RULE:
• oppressive taxation policies(cedula, sanctorum, donativo de
zamboanga, tribute )
• force labor (polo y servicio)
• galleon trade (boletas)
• indulto de commercio
• government monopolies.
Revolts Caused by The desire to regain lost
freedom:
Revolt:Revolt of Lakan Dula and Immediate Cause:Disregard of
Sulayman (1574) Legaspi’s promise that spain
would recognize the patrimonial
lands of the Kings of Tondo nd
Maynilad
First Pampanga Revolt (1585) Dissatisfaction with the abuses of
encomenderos.
Tondo conspiracy (1587-1588) Discovery of the plot
masterminded by Agustin de
Legaspi to overthrow Spanish
Revolts Casued by resistance to spanish
imposed institutions.
1.Malong’s rebellion (1660) Hatred of Spanish oppression
and the killings of Spanish
officials in Lingayen
Diego Silang’s revolt (1762- Silang’s resentment of his
1763) imprisonment due to his
request for the abolition if the
hated tribute in Vigan.
Gabriela Silang’s revolt Assasination of her husband.
Revolt caused by desire to revert to their
native religion.
Dagohoy’s revolt The liquidation of Fr. Guiseppi
Lamberti and other Spanish
priest triggered by the refusal
of the Church to give Christian
burial to his brother.
Revolt of Hermano Pule Persecution of the followers of
the Confradia de San Jose
founded by Apolinario dela
Cruz of Lukban.
Other
Leader
REVOLTS Place Reason
Magat Salamat Manila Tried to get rid of Spaniards
Magalat Cagayan Resisted imposed taxes
Bankaw Leyte Wanted to reform back to former beliefs
Tamblot Bohol Wanted to reform back to former beliefs
Juan Ponce Sumuroy Samar Resisted order of Gov. Fajardo to send
Samarnons to Cavite to construct ships
Francisco Maniago Pampanga Unjust and delayed compensation
Andres Malong Pangasinan Abuse of Spanish officials
Tapar Panay Wanted to reform back to former beliefs
Palaris Pangasinan Resisted imposed taxes
Reasons for the failure of revolts
•Activity time
The administration of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre.
•Democratic and liberal philosophy
of governance
•Liberty Serenade of 1869.
•Freedom of Speech
•Freedom of Pres
Racial Discrimination
• Discrimination against the Filipinos was prevalent in the universities
and colleges, government offices, church and courts of Justice. Fray
Miguel de Bustamante, in his pamhplet entitled Si Tandang Basyong
Macuna
The Issue of Secularization
• the secularization of the parishes was the
transfer of the ministries by the regular spanish
clergy to the Filipino seculars.
• Regular vs Secular Priest
• Father Pedro Pelaez and Father Mariano Gomez
• father Jose Burgos.
Cavity Mutiny of 1872
• This mutiny was brought about Izquierdo’s abolition of their
exemption from tributes and forced labor.
• Francisco Zaldua
• The martyrdom of GOMBURZA was a turning point in the Philippine
history(Agoncillo 1990)
Izquerdo Acounts
Filipino Account: Pardo de Tavera
The Rise of the Creoles
• The Creoles was considered as the third class in the Philippine society
during spanish era.
New social stratification during hispanic
times
• PENINSULARES
• INSULARES
• CREOLES
• INDIOS
The first wave of struggle against the
Spaniards
• The Propaganda movement and its Objectives
1.Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law;
2.Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain;
3.Restoration of Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes;
4.Filipinization or secularization of Philipppines parished; and
5.Individual liberties for the Filipino people, such as freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, and freedom of redress of grievances.
The Filipino Propagandists:
• The Reformist:
• 1.Jose Rizal (The Novelist )
• 2.Graciano Lopez Jaena
• 3.Marcelo H. Del Pilar
La Solidaridad
• The officers of this patriotic society were the ff:
• President -Galiciano Apacible
• Vice President-Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Secretary - Manuel Sta Maria
• Treasurer - Mariano Ponce
• Accountant - Jose Ma. Panganiban
The aims of this fortnightly organ of the
Philippine opinion were the ff:
• 1.To work peacefully for political and social reforms;
• 2.To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines and for Spain
to remedy them;
• 3.To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism;
• 4.To champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life,
democracy, and happiness,
Pseudonyms
• Marcelo del Pilar - Plaridel
• Jose Rizal - Laon Laan/Dimasalang
• Mariano Ponce - Kalipulako or Tigbalang/tikbalang
• Antonio Luna - Taga-Ilog
• Jose Ma. Panganiban - Jomapa
Masonry and the Propaganda Movement
• Graciano Lopez Jaena founded lodge Revolucion on April 1, 1889, in
Barcelona, Spain, which became the focal point of reform activities in
Europe and was tasked with maintaining the unity of the reformists.
Asociacion Hispano-Filipino
•President - Don Miguel Morayta
•Vice-President - Gen. Felipe de
la Corte
•Secretary - Dominador Gomez
Rizal’ Break with Del Pilar
• The rift between Rizal and Del Pilar was
accentuated by the editorial policy of La
Solidaridad under the latter’s editorship,
Rizal objected to the editorial policy of Del
Pilar as it ran counter to his political views.
The La Liga Filipina Objectives
• 1.The unification of the whole archipelago into a vigorous, compact
body;
• 2.Mutual protection in every want necessity;
• 3.Defense against all forms of violence and injustice;
• 4.Stimulation of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and
• 5.The undertaking of study and application of reforms.
• So on July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina on Calle Ilaya,
Tondo, in the home of Doreteo Ongjuco.
• President - Ambrosio Salvador
• Fiscal - Agustin de la Rosa
• Treasurer - Bonifacio Arevalo
• Secretary - Deodato Arellano
The Failure of the Propaganda Movement
following reasons:
1.Spain was very much preoccupied with her own internal problems
and did not have time to consider the colonial problems aired by the
propagandists through the La Solidaridad.
2. The friars countered all attacks of the reformists through their
newspaper in the Philippines entitled La Politica de Espana en Filipinas.
3.Petty quarrels among the reformists made them disunited
4.Lack of finance to support the propaganda activities in Europe led to
the failure of the movement.
