PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION:

ISSUES & PROBLEMS

SHEILA MAE C. ANESLAGON

Reporter

MARIEVEL MORTEJO
Professor
TOPICS :
Major Categories of Training Programs
Types of Training:
a. On the Job
b. Apprenticeship
c. Learner and Job Instruction
 There are a number of different types of training we can use to engage an employee. These types are usually
used in all steps in a training process (orientation, in-house, mentorship, and external training). The training utilized
depends on the amount of resources available for training, the type of company, and the priority the company places on
training.

As you will see from the types of training below, no one type would be enough for the jobs we do. Most HR
managers use a variety of these types of training to develop a holistic employee.

a. Technical or Technology Training

b. Quality Training
c. Skills Training
d. Soft Skills Training
e. Professional and Legal Training
f. Team Training
g. Managerial Training
h. Safety Training
TYPES OF TRAINING:

a. On the Job

On-the-job training (OJT) is a practical approach to acquiring new competencies and skills needed
for a job in a real, or close to real, working environment.

Rather than showing employees presentations or giving them worksheets, they learn about the job
by doing it. This training happens at the workplace, with guidance from a supervisor, manager, or another
knowledgeable employee.

New employees that undergo on-the-job training get a firsthand look at all the work procedures they
can expect to encounter. They learn workplace expectations, equipment operation, and any other skill they
need to complete their job successfully.

On-the-job training may take anywhere from days to weeks or longer, depending on the tasks the
job requires. Often, new employees start by shadowing other employees and then move onto completing these
tasks with supervision.
Benefits of on the job training
On-the-job training benefits employees and employers, and this next section will highlight some of the key
benefits of on-the-job training.

1. Faster training with real experience

People quickly learn what they need to do and perform their job on a good or acceptable level.

Traditional training can be a lengthy process, and employees may not retain much information. This means
employees may need correction or retraining later on.

With on-the-job training, employees learn precisely what their job entails and ask any questions that arise
while shadowing coworkers.
2. Faster adaptation to a new job
It is essential in industries with high turnover rates, e.g., retail, restaurant business, customer service,
manufacturing, etc.

This type of training can help with faster onboarding and getting an acceptable level of performance. It allows
employees to learn processes in your organization faster and more efficiently.

3. In most cases, it is easy to set up

On-the-job training is one of the simpler training programs to set up. Because you already have employees that
know the job, you have a knowledge base to draw from.

You don’t need to set up complicated presentations. You simply need to pick a high-performing employee to
train new staff.
4. Trainee can perform simple job tasks from the beginning
Trainees start learning the easier parts of their job first. As such, they can take on small responsibilities before they
even complete training.

For instance, answering phones or directing customers to the correct store departments. If you are shorthanded and
get busy, your trainee can assist, and this can ease the block in the workflow.

5. Retain good employees

Employee retention is crucial in any industry. However, employees aren’t as effective if they’re unsure of what
exactly their job entails.

Not only that, confusion about the work expected from them can create a stressful environment, leading to high
turnover rates.

On-the-job training shows employees exactly what duties they’re expected to complete, and exactly how to
complete them.

As part of their training process, they practice each task expected of them and get detailed information about what
processes their job involves.

This eliminates confusion, stress, and allows employees to perform their job to the best of their abilities.
6. Attract the right people
On-the-job training allows companies to find the right people for the job because they show capability during the
training process. Also, by offering on-the-job training, companies become more attractive to potential employees.

These prospective employees know their time is well spent, and employers can assess skills during training.

7. Team building
With on-the-job training, new employees meet their new coworkers right away and start becoming part of the
team.

This creates familiarity and opens up opportunities for new employees to ask questions, even if their training is
complete.

Additionally, trainees become more familiar with various workplace departments and can expand their skill set
over time.
8. Elementary knowledge management
More experienced employees transfer their knowledge and experience to the new employees, so this knowledge
wouldn’t be lost if they leave the company. Of course, it doesn’t cover deep or specific knowledge, but at least it
is something.

Many employers refer to this as “knowledge management”. Essentially, by having more experienced employees
transfer their job knowledge, you retain those skills and knowledge within the company.

9. Financial benefits
On-the-job training happens as part of the regular workday and requires less time. Traditional training requires
set training sessions and sometimes seminars.

So the employer saves money on training, and at the same time, the employee performs some of the work duties
and brings additional profit to the company.
b. Apprenticeship

The Apprenticeship Training program is the combination of on-the-job training and the classroom
training, wherein the workers earn while learning the skills required for performing the specialized job.

Apprenticeship is a particular way of enabling students to learn by doing. It is often associated with
vocational training where a more experienced tradesman or journeyman models behavior, the apprentice attempts
to follow the model, and the journeyman provides feedback. However, apprenticeship is the most common
method used to train post-secondary education instructors in teaching (at least implicitly), so there is a wide
range of applications for an apprenticeship approach to teaching.
Pro’s of Apprenticeship:

Below is a list of the numerous benefits included in training through an apprenticeship:

• Learn the trade while you earn a living: Apprenticeships enable you to start working and earn a decent, living
wage while you learn key skills and gain the qualifications that future employers want. As your skills progress,
so will your pay. This not only helps out your bank account, but also helps keep you actively engaged in your
apprenticeship.
• Never get bored: Because your education doesn't end after your apprenticeship, you’ll continually have the
opportunity to learn new and exciting things and advance your career. That also means your pay scale will
most likely increase as well. The more knowledge you have, the better the paycheck.
• Support: One of the largest advantages of getting the qualifications you need in your field, while being able to
put the skills you learn into practice at the same time, is that someone will always be on-hand to show you how
things are done. If you have any questions about techniques, terminology or anything related to the industry,
you can instantly ask your mentors, co-workers, or managers.That support doesn't end once you're off the job
site, either. You’ll be able to work with the men and women in your trade to negotiate contracts with your
employers to determine the terms of employment including pay, benefits, hours, leave, job health and safety
policies, and much more.
• Varied learning, lots of experience: Apprenticeships offer a varied learning experience. You won’t have to spend all
of your days studying; most of the time you’ll be working in the field. You will also have classroom time, but your
days will not be spent staring at four walls and a white board.

• Confidence: Being new to any job is stressful and, on your first day, it’s hard to feel confident in your skills and
ability. In an apprenticeship, everyone is on the same page. Whether you're on a jobsite or in the classroom,
everyone understands that you’re there to learn. You can feel confident and ready for your apprenticeship as long as
you’re prepared to work hard and learn.

• Good career prospects: Your apprenticeship will be very rewarding, even if at times it may seem demanding. Once
you have finished your apprenticeship, you'll have a world of options open to you. Being able to show that you've
got industry experience plus qualifications will give you a huge advantage in your trade.
Con’s of Apprenticeship:

1.Low Pay
2.Minimal Recognition
3.Work Limitations
4.Gofering
c. Learner and Job Instruction:

Definition (1):
Job instruction training (JIT) refers to list each job’s basic tasks, along with the key points, in order to provide step-
by-step training for employees. The steps in such a training sheet show trainees what to do, and the key points show
how it’s to be done—and why.

Definition (2):
Job instruction training (JIT) is a kind of simple on the job training in which a new worker or employee is given
step by step training by an assigned coworker or a manager. Generally, this type of training is for jobs needing manual
skills like factory workers. These jobs need lower skills and so can be taught in an easy and simple step by step
process. This training can be given on both a one on one basis and one to many. It can also be applied for training
existing workers or employees about new technology.
 The main advantage of Job instruction training (JIT) is that it is based on
the practical workplace and real-time. Thus, the trainee watches the trainer doing the
job as well as gains experience in doing the job under supervision. Another advantage
is the reduced wastage and accidents because of proper training.

One disadvantage is that productivity is reduced during training because the

trainers train the workers in the real workplace. Again the risks of accidents are often
higher because the new workers may not possess sufficient knowledge about the
machine or equipment they are performing on and the instructions of the instructor.
REFERENCES:
https://www.valamis.com/hub/on-the-job-training
https://businessjargons.com/apprenticeship-training.html
https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/3-5-apprenticeship-learning-by-doing-1/
https://www.constructyourfuture.com/pros-of-apprenticeship#:~:text=Learn%20the%20trade%20while
%20you,progress%2C%20so%20will%20your%20pay
.
https://work.chron.com/disadvantages-being-apprentice-23911.html
https://the-definition.com/term/job-instruction-training-jit
https://open.lib.umn.edu/humanresourcemanagement/chapter/8-2-types-of-training-2/