Charts

Introduction
Charts are commonly used instruction
materials for teaching in the
classrooms

They are:
• Useful tools for teacher when
teaching

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 Introduction
Charts are commonly used instruction
materials for teaching in the
classrooms

They are:
• Useful for class project

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 Introduction
Charts are commonly used instruction
materials for teaching in the
classrooms

They are:
• Used as bulletin boards or wall display

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 Introduction
Charts are commonly used instruction
materials for teaching in the
classrooms

They are:
• Used to present information in graph
or a table form

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 Advantages of charts
• Charts are readily
accessible

• Can be locally
produced

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 Advantages of charts Cnt’d

• Good for individual or group studies

Individual study Group study

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 Advantages of charts Cnt’d
• Student of various level can benefit from
their use

• Can be used for teaching a great range of

subjects

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 Features of a good chart
Must be a one concept Chart/Express
only one major concept or configuration
of concept

One concept chart Multi concept chart 9

 Features of a good chart
Must have a clear, well-defined
instructional purpose
 Features of a good chart
They must contain minimum visual and
verbal information needed for
understanding
 Features of a good chart
If there are many information to
convey, use series of simple chart rather
than a single complex one

Series of chart in a flipchart Single complex chart 12

 Features of a good chart
A good chart communicates primarily
through the visual channel

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 Features of a good chart
• The lettering should conspicuously be
bold, simple and words written
horizontally

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 Types of charts

Charts are designed based on the purpose

line Charts

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 Line charts
• It is used to show numerical and
proportional relationship
• This chart can be used for teaching a
nd learning process especially in the s
cience subjects e.g. where the numeri
cal data obtained from observation or
experiment are plotted against each
other
• It may also be used to present
pressure and temperature range
especially in geography teaching 16
Bar Charts

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 Bar Chart

• A bar chart is a one that uses either horizontal or

vertical bars to show comparisons among categories

• Some bar graphs present bars clustered in groups

of more than one (grouped bar graphs), and others
show the bars divided into subparts to show
cumulate effect (stacked bar graphs)

• The chart is used to show distribution or

variable

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Pie Charts

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 Pie Charts

• A pie chart is a circular chart divided

into sectors, illustrating numerical
proportion. In a pie chart, the arc
length of each sector is proportional to
the quantity it represents

• Used to show proportion of variables

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 Pie and Bar charts
• Both charts can be employed in different subjects
especially the sciences to show distribution of
variables, e.g. in Mathematics, Biology, Agric science,
chemistry e.t.c.

• Also used for statistical or administrative purpose to

show the distribution of students or their level of
performances in various subjects
• More importantly they are used for assessment
purpose
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 Organisation Charts
• Organisation Charts

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 Organisation Charts

• It shows the relationship in an

organization
• The chart can be used to teach
organogram
especially in Civic, Government or Soc
ial Studies
• The chart is also used in the school
for administrative purpose to illustrate
the organization or the school staff
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Classification Charts

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 Classification Charts
• The chart is similar to organizational
chart but are used
chiefly to classify or categories object
s, events or species

• It is commonly used in science subject

like biology to show taxonomy of
animals and plants according to natural
characteristics
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Flow Charts

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 Flow Charts

• This chart may be used in the teaching and

learning process to show different levels or steps
in a process and how they are related, they show
sequence, procedure or flow of a process.

• This chart may be employed for qualitative

analysis procedure during chemistry practical. It
can also be used to illustrate the development
stages of an organism in agriculture or biology.

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 Pictorial Charts

= Church

= Mosque = Hospital

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 Pictorial Charts

• The chart may be used to illustrate the picture

or drawing of certain plants and animals or
their parts and even some equipment
• These pictures are used to teach the students in
the class based on the subject area
• Pictorial Chart is also used for administrative
purpose to give
information on specific area such as hospital, mo
sque, bridge, church, dangerous bend
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Flip Charts

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 Flip Chart
• It contains many charts stitched together
in form of a booklet

• Such charts are commonly used for

presentations

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Life Chart

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 Life Chart
• This contains real objects

• Some live objects for teaching are

preserved and gummed on the chart
e.g insects, seeds, leaves, or plants,
so that students can make reference
to them during teaching and learning
process

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 General steps in using chart for
instructions
Read over the material you are presenting to students

If it includes comparisons of trend, it will be useful

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 General steps in using chart for instructions
(3)
You could use a copy machine to enlarge a graph
from a text book or re-create it yourself on chart
paper

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 General steps in using chart for instructions
(4)
You can also use a transparency or if there is
projector, chart can be created on Microsoft excel
or other soft ware

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 General steps in using chart for instructions
(5)
Display the chart for your students during the
lesson

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General steps in using chart for instructions
(6)
To display the charts, it is best to insert eyelets at
the corners so that pins can pass through freely
without damaging the edges of the sheet

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 General steps in using chart for instructions
(7)
The charts could be hung on the wall with nails or
bulletin boards to supplement what is taught in the
class

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 General steps in using chart for instructions
(8)

A chart that is to be used

for a large group
should be very
large so that
everybody could
view it at
the same time
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 General steps in using chart for instructions
(9)
 Plan questions to ask your
students about the chart,
so they have to read it
carefully and interpret
the information

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 Preservation of Charts

Backing Edging

Spraying Lamination
 Summary
• Charts are essential tools that could
be used during teaching and learning
so as to save labour and time

• Used to ensure effective teaching and

learning, charts should be
appropriately selected based on the
purpose of learning and teaching

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 Conclusion
Conclusively, charts are important
instructional materials not only used
for classroom instructions but also for
assessment and administrative
purposes in the school

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