ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all we would like to thanks and have a great respect, Love and
prosperity to our almighty Allah who helps me in every aspect in our
life.
Next to this we would like to thanks
 Ambo University.
University –Industry –Linkage Office program.
Saylem Construction PLC.
our advisor Solomon.
our friends those came from another University for this internship.
And others site engineers.
 INTRODUCTION
• Engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences, gained by experience and practice.
• Engineering is central to understand the challenges and the solution
facing in the world.

• The knowledge and ability of engineers is more dependent on the

theoretical method of teaching in universities.
• But the responsibility of engineers is to solve practical problems.
• Based on the new curriculum, we were doing internship for one full
semester at SAYLEM private limited company.
 OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCES
How we got in to the company
Firstly, Ambo University prepare a letter of internship and given to the student
after the completion of second semester of third year class . Taking the request
letter, we have asked different construction companies .

But Saylem General Construction plc accepted our request and gave us
confirmation.

After the completion of second semester of fourth year we have started our
internship practice by attending in Saylem General Construction.

Then we contacted with General Manager of the Company and he allowed us to

take part in this company.
 Workflow in the section

Good project management has many advantages. Some of them are the following

Maximizing efficient utilization of resource

Develop effective communication among workers or employees.
Create mechanization to resolve conflict among workers and employees.
Bring proper coordination and control of the entire process and etc…

In general the workflow in the section we have been working in can be described
as follow using hierarchy diagram.
 Project
manager

office Engineer

Site
engineer

General
Forman

Head Carpenter

Head Bar Benber

Head Mason

Finance
Department

Store
Keeper

Administration

Work flow of the section

 Section of the Company we have been working
in
There are different sections in our company.
those sections are:

site work and office work:

Site works

* Substructure Constructions
Substructure is the structure that found below ground level.

Work tasks that have been executed in the site are the following:
 Grade beams
Grade beams are a type of beam which constructed over
compacted earth or foundation walls. In our case it is constructed
over foundation walls.
The main purposes for the construction of grade beams are:-
To avoid slenderness of footing columns and elevation columns
together.
To carry and transfer loads of hollow concrete blocks to the
footing columns.
To support super structure and etc.
Fig 1.Grade beams
 Hard core filling

Hard core is a crushed stone provided under ground floor slab.

 Before filling the hard core, the selected material should be well compacted
on the excavated soil for bulk.
It is constructed or filled with the thickness of 25cm at our site.
Hard core is a crushed stone provided under ground floor slab.
 Hard core is constructed with basaltic or other equivalent stone and blinded
with red ash or scoria.

Ground floor slab

 This floor is located at grade beam level. Its construction starts with
compacted of selected backfill materials that have to be compacted at every
20cm thick to attain maximum density.
 The purpose of compaction is to avoid settlement and is done using plate
compactor of high vibration frequency.
Fig.2. hardcore Fig .3. Ground floor slab
 Super structure construction
*Construction of super structure involves all structure located above
grade beam structural element.
* Work done in super structure was:-
Construction of elevation columns
Beams and slabs
Etc.
Elevation columns
*Elevation columns are structural members which are vertically
subjected to axial load with or without bending moments.
 Its construction is carried out following some steps.

 Reinforcement bar of required dimension and arrangement as per design are

prepared and fitted to bars already available on footing columns to provide
sufficient overlap.

 The well tied stirrups are placed around 20 and 15 cm gap.

 Next form work of required width, length and height are painted by oils and
erected around reinforcement bars with spacers tied to them.

 Each formwork (panels) placed or properly aligned by using plumb bob

(Tumby) or water balance level.

 After proper formwork wood or steel panel is placed, checking its alignment
distance from adjacent columns it will be casted with required concrete grade
c-25 and well vibrate.
After 16 hr, the formwork should be dismantled or taken off from
the column for watering schedule at morning and afternoons.

It must be noted that covering the concrete columns with cloth type
material will reduce evaporation of water. Each column should be
well aligned with beam.
Beams
Beams are horizontal load bearing members which transfer floor loads
to the columns.
Intermediate beams
• Intermediate beams are type of beam constructed to brace long
elevation columns.
• It is also used to carry and transfer load of hollow concrete blocks to
elevation columns.
Fig.4. Intermediate beams
 Uppers Floor Slab construction
Slabs are categorized in to two, Ground floor slab that we see under sub
structure and upper floor slab

Upper floor slabs:- is slab located at G+1 level and above.

The construction of solid slab follows the following steps
Vertical support erection which is complex and time consuming was made.
 Formworks for slab and beams are laid as per floor plan.
 The dimension and arrangement of Reinforcement bars specified by
structural drawing were laid.

 Finally after necessary checks are done, concrete of required grade was
casted monolithically with beams which supporting it.
For our case concrete grade of C-25 is used to cast 15cm thick slab.


 Fig.5.Reinforcement of Upper floor
slabs
 Top tie beam
*As its name indicates that, it is a beam constructed at the top of
elevation columns.
* It is proposed to carry and transfer loads acting on the roof and self
weight of the roof.
* Its construction is in the same way as that of intermediate beams.

Fig .6. Top tie beam

 Concrete work

Concrete is the most crucial part of any project.

Concrete is material obtained artificially by hardening of mixture of
cement, Sand and aggregate in a pre-determined amount.

Concrete is selected because of its unique advantage such as:

 Concrete is highly resistance to compressive force.

 It is highly resistance to fire.
 It is good insulator.
 Easily molded into any shape.
Water proof, if it properly mixed, vibrated, chiseled and plastered.
 Reinforced Concrete and Lean Concrete are types of Concrete.
Lean concrete is, a concrete of 5 cm thick, c-5 with minimum cement
content.
It is used to protect the Material from deterioration.
Reinforced concrete is, a composite material made of concrete and
steel.
Mix (concrete preparation)
This is the process of combining the ingredients of concrete to give the
required property like:
*Strength,
* durability,
*Workability and others
Materials used on the site
There are different kinds of materials which used on our site.
Those are:-
Batching Box -is used to measure the amount of sand and
aggregate.
size of boxes strength of concrete
50*40*20 C-20
50*40*18 C-25
50*40*16 C-30
Mixer- It is a machine used for mixing concrete.

Fig.8. mixer
Vibrator - is an electronic machine which is used to vibrate casting
concrete, in order to avoid the vapor or air which is found in the voids
spaces of concrete.
The presence of air voids in the concrete reduces the strength of concrete
and when dry it will create cracks.
Formwork- are materials used as temporary mould for concrete until it
hardens.
It used to avoids or checks dimensional errors that occur during cast.
Good formworks have the following characteristics:
Cheap and reusable as long as possible.
Practically water proof, so that it is not absorb water from concrete.
Strong enough to withstand all loads from concrete and live load
during pouring and compaction.
Stiff enough so that deflection is minimum.
As light as possible.
Have smooth surface and afford easy removal or stripping
The minimum time to remove formworks for different structural elements:
• Footing pad and footing column …………………………………………16 hours
• Grade beam and elevation column ………………………………………..16 hours
• Side formworks of intermediate beam, top tie beam and slab……16 hours
Soffit, slab and beam ………………………………………………………………..21 days
Plastering- is the process of covering various surface of the structure with plastic material
such as Cement mortar, Lime mortar or composite mortar, to obtain an even, smooth, regular,
clean and durable surface.
Concrete surfaces are plastered for the following reasons:-

 For aesthetical purpose.

 To receive finishes like paint and decorative tiles.
 To protect the surface from dampness, because it is relatively impermeable.
 To provide insulating nonabsorbent washable surface.

Plastering is classified into three types of coats.

Those are:-
First coat
Second coat
Third coat
Office Works
 Preparing takeoff sheet
 Preparing bar schedule
 Preparing weekly and monthly report
Work tasks we have been executing
Building construction involves a number of steps both in office and construction
site.
As supervisor we have been checking:
• Diameter, length, number, arrangement and overlap of reinforcement bars.
• Alignment , number, arrangement and position of columns and beams
• Concrete mix ratio.
• Etc.
As site engineer we have been doing the following
Check the actual works on the site with plan.
Check that all structures are built according to their structural design.
Controlling Forman’s works.
Procedures we have been using while executing those work tasks and
how it is good
To do any work tasks there are certain procedures. Those are:-
 Referring the material or hand out what we have learned in the
previous class.
 Understanding the plan that is providing as architectural and structural
design drawing.
 Taking orientation from the project manager on how to going on this
activities.
 Contacting data collector to obtain data of work done.
 Combining data from data collector and the plan and etc.
Challenges we have faced and measures we have taken
At the beginning it was hard to introduce ourselves with the working area
and conditions. Some of challenges we have faced are:
Lack of experience.
Absence of Site Engineer.
Lack of awareness of local words used in the site.
Lack of construction safety wears in the site.
Lack of Computer Office.
Measures we have taken to overcome those challenges are
 In order to improve practical experiences we inter relate our theoretical
knowledge with practical activities.

 We convinced them as Site Engineer is important for the Company.

 To aware ourselves with local words we asked skilled labor.
 Avoid risk of stepping on sharp materials..
 We told to our Forman and Supervisor as computer office is important.
OVERALL BENEFITS
The internship program was a bridge (ladder) for a better understanding in
construction technology and management field from theoretical concept to
practical application .

This internship program makes us being familiar with site work as well as office
work and to inform their behaviors of each work.

In overall within these four months we had the opportunity to improve our

 practical skills
 theoretical knowledge.
 interpersonal communication skills.
 team playing skills.
 leadership skills.
 entrepreneurship skills and etc.
 CONCLUSION
The internship program indicates us the difference between theoretical and practical
knowledge.
So it is good to give real practical skills and make the students familiar to the outside
world.

Some of the benefits that the internship offered to us include:

• How to deal with problems that arise in the construction site.
• How to relate drawing with site activities.
• How to manage the overall activities of the work site.
• How to communicate with workers.
• Understanding about working standards.
• Upgrade our theoretical knowledge at University level.
• Leadership skill.
• Work ethics and team playing skills.

Finally, we would like to point out some measures the university–industry linkage
coordination office should take that to help this program to achieve its goal, because
 Recommendation
Recommendation for the Company
What we want to recommend Salem Construction PLC is that, the
company is huge and has a good coordination on its work flow as we
seen from its profile.
Although this Company has good coordination there are different
problems that we faced when we joined the Company.
Problems we faced are:
As we joined to the Company’s site, Site Engineer left the site after
some days, but we didn’t know the reason behind.
After site Engineer left the site, Forman of the site worked as site
Engineer without enough experience. So we didn’t get the chance to
do with site Engineer
In order to have enough experience we been asking Forman, gang
leader, skilled labors and other site Engineer.
Although we gained the experience that related with site work by
 Generally the absence of site Engineer did affect not only us but also
Company’s site by itself.
So in order to solve the problems mentioned above, the Company should
have the professional site Engineer.
Recommendation for our University
 We would like to recommend our university–industry linkage coordination
office should take measure that to help this program to achieve its goal,
because the university has not a close interaction with the industries.

What we put here as a measurement is that, the University- Industry-

Linkage should have adjust the way how the University’s Advisor and the
Internship Students as well as the Company’s Supervisor and the University
Advisor follow each other by phone system.