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CH 1 Categories of Computers and Computer Languages Presentation

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578 views28 pages

CH 1 Categories of Computers and Computer Languages Presentation

Uploaded by

Bhargav Vyas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CATEGORIES OF

COMPUTERS AND
COMPUTER
LANGUAGES
CHAPTER - 1
CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS
 Depending on the speed, size and memory
(storage capacity), computers are
categorized into the following types
1 - MICRO COMPUTER
 Also known as Personal Computers or PCs
 Small in size and cost effective.
 Made up of single chip processor.
 They are powerful machines.
 Used in schools, homes, offices, banks,
shops and hotels.
 Examples – C64, IBM PC.
2 – MINI COMPUTER
 They are bigger in size than the
microcomputers.
 Several hundred users can use it at the
same time.
 Examples – VAX Computer and PDP-8.
3 – MAINFRAME COMPUTER
 Big computers with a large memory and high
speed.
 They have multiple CPUs.
 Used by big organizations like banks and
government offices.
 They are very powerful.
 Were first developed by company named
IBM.
 Examples – PDP-10, IBM 390, SYSTEM Z10.
4 – SUPER COMPUTER
 They are world’s largest and fastest
computers.
 They process huge amount of data within
seconds.
 They have multiple CPUs.
 Used in weather forecasting, defense and
space research.
 PARAM and ANURAG supercomputers have
been developed by India.
 Examples – CRAY, TITAN and FRONTIER.
5 – GAME CONSOLE
 A gaming console is different from a
standard computer.
 It does not include a keyboard, mouse or
monitor.
 It comes with its own input devices.
 Examples – Sony Play Station, Microsoft
XBOX.
6 – EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
 It is a small computer fixed inside a
machine to perform a particular task.
 Main purpose is to control that machine.
 Example – GPS, KINDLE, GLUCOMETER.
COMPUTER LANGUAGES
 The computer needs to get instructions in a
sequence in order to carry out any task.
 These instructions needs to be given in
computer language.
 A set of instructions in a computer language
is called a program.
 Computer languages are classified into two
types:- Low level languages and High level
languages.
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES (LLL)
 1 – FIRST GENERATION (MACHINE LANGUAGE)
 It is a set of instructions written as a pattern
of bits (0 and 1).
 It is most primitive computer language.
 It is a machine dependent language.
 It is directly understood by computer but
difficult to learn for us.
 It is executed directly by CPU without any
kind of translation.
2- SECOND GENERATION (ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE)
 It is written in the form of abbreviations
called mnemonics. [like ADD,SUB,DIV]
 It is a machine dependent language.
 It requires a translation program for
converting into machine language.
 It uses letters and symbols not bits.
 Programs written in assembly languages are
called assembly codes.
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES (HLL)
 1 – THIRD GENERATION LANGUAGE
 Instructions are written using the English
words and mathematical operators so it is
easy to understand for us.
 These languages are not machine
dependent.
 They require translation program for
converting into machine language.
 Examples – QBASIC, LOGO, FORTRAN,
COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++, JAVA, PYTHON.
2 – FOURTH GENERATION
LANGUAGE (4GL)
 It is a machine independent language
developed for specific purposes.
 It reduces programming efforts, time and
cost.
 It uses graphical interface (GUI) and icons.
3 – FIFTH GENERATION
LANGUAGE (5GL)
 Visual programming languages and natural
language processing.
 Designed to make computer solve a
problem without programmer.
 Examples – OPS5 and Mercury.
TRANSLATOR
 A high level language is translated into
machine level language by a translator. This
process is called decoding of programs.
 There are three types of translators:-
 Assembler, Compiler, Interpreter
1 - ASSEMBLER
 Assembler converts a program written in
assembly language into a machine language,
i.e. assembly code into machine language.
 Example – ADD means ADDITION
2 - COMPILER
 Compiler translates whole program in a
single operation.
 Example – HTML CODE
3 - INTERPRETER
 Interpreter translates a program in a step-by-
step process.
 It is slower but accurate.
 EXAMPLE – PYTHON CODE.

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