Java For Beginners

Exploring the Fundamentals of Java

Rida Akram
 What Is Java?
 Java is Object Oriented Programming language
as well as platform.
 Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun
Microsystems.
 It promised Write Once, Run Anywhere
(WORA) functionality.
 Java is a powerful, versatile, and widely-used
programming language known for its robustness,
portability, and scalability.
 Java's popularity stems from its platform
independence, extensive standard library, and
strong community support.
 History of Java
 Java was conceived by James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and
Patrick Naughton in the early 1990s.
 First released in 1995 as Java 1.0.
 Significant milestones:
 Introduction of Swing GUI toolkit in Java 1.2.
 Java 5 (2004) introduced generics and enhanced for loop.
 Java 8 (2014) introduced lambda expressions and the Stream
API.
 Latest LTS version: Java 17 (2021).
 Key Features of Java
 Object-Oriented: Java follows the object-oriented
programming paradigm, where everything is treated as an
object.
 Platform-Independent: Java programs can run on any
platform with the help of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
 Robust and Secure: Java's strong memory management,
exception handling, and security features make it robust and
secure.
 Rich Standard Library: Java comes with an extensive
standard library that provides ready-to-use classes and
methods for various programming tasks.
 Where is JAVA Used?
There are many devices where java is currently used:
 Desktop Applications: Acrobat reader, Media Player,
Antivirus etc.
 Web Applications: irctc.co.in, Javapoint.com etc
 Enterprise Application: Banking Application,
Business Application.
 Mobile
 Games
 Java Virtual Machine
 Java virtual machine is the like usual
computer which translate high level
language into machine language.
 Just like that Java virtual machine
also translate Bytecode into machine
language.
 JVM are available for many
hardware and software Plateform.
 Java Development Kit
 JDK is a software(JDK)
development kit used for
developing Java applications.
 Components of JDK include:
 Java Compiler (javac)
 Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
 Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
 Java Standard Library
 Documentation and Development Tools
 Control Flow
Statements
 if-else: Conditional statement for decision-making.
 switch: Multi-branch decision-making statement.
 for loop, while loop, do-while loop: Iterative
statements for loop execution.
 Examples demonstrating each control flow
statement.
 Basic Java Syntax
 Class Declaration: Java programs are organized
into classes.
 Main Method: Entry point of a Java program.
 Variables and Data Types: Java supports various
data types such as int, double, String, etc.
 Comments: Single-line (//) and multi-line (/* */)
comments.
 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in
Java
 Classes and Objects: Building blocks of Java
programs.
 Inheritance: Mechanism for code reuse and
building relationships between classes.
 Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that
operate on the data into a single unit.
 Polymorphism: Ability to take different forms
based on the context.
 Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation
details and showing only essential features.
 Exception Handling
 Try-catch-finally: Java's exception handling
mechanism.
 Checked and Unchecked Exceptions:
Different types of exceptions in Java.
 Throw and Throws: Keywords used in
exception handling.
 Java Standard Library
 java.lang: Fundamental classes and utilities.
 java.util: Data structures, such as ArrayList,
HashMap, etc.
 java.io: Input and output operations.
 java.net: Networking support.
 java.awt and javax.swing: GUI development
Java Application Examples
 Desktop Applications: Java Swing, JavaFX.
 Web Applications: Java Servlets, JavaServer Pages
(JSP).
 Enterprise Applications: Java EE (Enterprise
Edition) applications using frameworks like Spring
and Hibernate.
 Mobile Applications: Android development using
Java (though Kotlin is preferred now).
 Embedded Systems: Java ME (Micro Edition) for
small, resource-constrained devices.
 A First Simple Program
 /* This is a simple Java program. Compiling the Program
 Call this file "Example.java".*/
 class Example {  C:\>javac Example.java
 // Your program begins with a  The javac compiler creates a file
call to main(). called Example.class that
 public static void main(String contains the bytecode version of
args[]) { the program
 System.out.println("This is a  The output of javac is not code
simple Java program."); that can be directly executed.
 }
 }
 Cont…
 To actually run the program, you  The keyword void simply tells the
must use the Java interpreter, called compiler that main( ) does not
java. return a value
 C:\>java Example  String[ ] args declares a parameter
 When a class member is preceded by named args, which is an array of
public, then that member may be instances of the class String. args
accessed by code outside the class in receives any command-line
which it is declared arguments.
The keyword static allows main( )
to be called without having to
instantiate a particular instance of
the class
A Second Short Program
 class Example2 {
 public static void main(String args[]) {
 int num; // this declares a variable called num
 num = 100; // this assigns num the value 100
 System.out.println("This is num: " + num);
 num = num * 2;
 System.out.print("The value of num * 2 is ");
 System.out.println(num);
 }
 }
 Advantages of Java Disadvantages of Java
● Platform independent: Java code can run on any platform that 1. Performance: Java can be slower
has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed, which means compared to other programming
that applications can be written once and run on any device.
●
languages, such as C++, due to its use
Object-Oriented: Java is an object-oriented programming
language, which means that it follows the principles of of a virtual machine and automatic
encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. memory management.
● Security: Java has built-in security features that make it a 2. Memory management: Java’s
secure platform for developing applications, such as automatic memory management can
automatic memory management and type checking. lead to slower performance and
● Large community: Java has a large and active community of
increased memory usage, which can be
developers, which means that there is a lot of support
available for learning and using the language. a drawback for some applications.
● Enterprise-level applications: Java is widely used for
developing enterprise-level applications, such as web
applications, e-commerce systems, and database systems.
 Conclusion
 Java is a versatile and powerful programming
language with a rich ecosystem and community
support.
 Understanding Java fundamentals opens up
opportunities in various domains.
 Continuous learning and practice are essential
for mastering Java development.
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