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Lecture 25

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29 views16 pages

Lecture 25

Uploaded by

dailybhaktifeed
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Oriented Programming with Java

(Subject Code: BCS-403)

Unit 3
Lecture 25

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Lecture 25
• Java Module System
• Diamond Syntax with 08 Inner Anonymous
Class

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gineering College
Java 9 Module System
Java Module System is a major change in
Java 9 version.
Java added this feature to collect Java
packages and code into a single unit called
module.

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gineering College
• In earlier versions of Java, there was no concept
of module to create modular Java applications,
that why size of application increased and difficult
to move around.
• Even JDK itself was too heavy in size, in Java 8,
rt.jar file size is around 64MB.
• To deal with situation, Java 9 restructured JDK
into set of modules so that we can use only
required module for our project.

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gineering College
module system includes various tools and options
• It Includes various options to the Java tools javac,
jlink and java where we can specify module paths that
locates to the location of module.
• Modular JAR file is introduced. This JAR contains
module-info.class file in its root folder.
• JMOD format is introduced, which is a packaging
format similar to JAR except it can include native code
and configuration files.
• The JDK and JRE both are reconstructed to
accommodate modules. It improves performance,
security and maintainability.
• Java defines a new URI scheme for naming modules,
classes and resources.
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gineering College
Java 9 Module
Module is a collection of Java programs or software.
To describe a module, a Java file module-info.java
is required.
This file also known as module descriptor and
defines the following
 Module name
 What does it export
 What does it require

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Module Name
It is a name of module and should follow the
reverse-domain-pattern. Like we name packages,
e.g. com.javatpoint.

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How to create Java module
Creating Java module required the following
steps.
 Create a directory structure
 Create a module declarator
 Java source code

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Create a Directory Structure

Note: The name of the directory containing a module's sources


should be equal to the name of the module, e.g. com.javatpoint.

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Java Source Code
class Hello{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Hello from the Java module");
}
}
Save this file inside src/com.javatpoint/com/javatpoint/ with Hello.java name.

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Compile Java Module
To compile the module use the following command.
javac -d mods --module-source-path src/ --module
com.javatpoint
After compiling, it will create a new directory that
contains the following structure.

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gineering College
Run Module
java --module-path mods/ --module com.javatpoint/com.javatpoint.Hello

Output:
Hello from the Java module

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gineering College
Diamond Operator
• Diamond operator was introduced in Java 7 as a
new feature.
• The main purpose of the diamond operator is to
simplify the use of generics when creating an
object.
• It avoids unchecked warnings in a program and
makes the program more readable.
• The diamond operator could not be used with
Anonymous inner classes in JDK 7.
• In JDK 9, it can be used with the anonymous
class as well to simplify code and improves
readability.
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gineering College
• Before JDK 7, we have to create an object with
Generic type on both side of the expression like
List<String> ABES= new ArrayList<String>();

• When Diamond operator was introduced in


Java 7, we can create the object without
mentioning generic type on right side of
expression like:
List<String> ABES = new ArrayList<>();

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gineering College
Problem with Diamond Operator in JDK 7
The problem is it will only work with normal
classes. Suppose if we want to use the
diamond operator for anonymous inner class
then compiler will throw error message.

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gineering College
Java 9 Anonymous Inner Classes
abstract class ABCD<T>{
abstract T show(T a, T b);
}
public class TypeInferExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ABCD<String> a = new ABCD<>()
{
String show(String a, String b)
{
return a+b;
}
};
String result = a.show("Java","9");
System.out.println(result);
} } Output:
Java9
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