Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 11
POPULATION GROWTH
K.SRIRAM
B.SELVALINGAM WHAT IS POPULATION ?
• Population is defined as a group of individuals belonging to the same
speciess , which live in a area of given time.
POPULATION DENSITY :
• It is expressed as the number of individuals of the population per unit area or
per unit volume . This varies in response to changes in the environment and introduction with other living organism. POPULATION GROWTH
• The rapid growth of the global’s population for the past 100 years results from the difference between the rate of birth and death. • In 1880, the global population was about 1 billion people . It took about 130 years(in 1930) to reach 2 billion. But the population reached to 4 billion within 45 years (in 1975). Now we have already crossed 6 billion and may have to reach about 10 billion by 2050 as per the World Bank calculations.
Increase in population = population growth
CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
• EXPONENTIAL GROWTH : Now population growth occurs exponentially
like 10,100,1000,10000 etc., which shows the dramatic increase in global population in the past 160 years.
• DOUBLING TIME : It is the time required for a population to double its size
at a constant annual rate. It is calculated as follows
Td (Doubling time ) = 70/r where, r = annual growth rate If a nation has 2 % annual growth, its population will double in next 35 years • INFANT MORTALITY RATE : It is the percentage of infants died out of those born in one year. Eventhough this rate has decreased in the last 50 years, the pattern differs widely in developing and developed countries .
• TOTAL FERTILITY RATES : It is the average number of children delivered by a
woman in her life time. The TFR value varies from 2 in developed countries to 4.7 in developing countries.
• REPLACEMENT LEVEL : Two parents bearing two children will be replaced by
their off spring . Due to infant mortality this replacement level is changed. But, due to high infant mortality the replacement level is generally high in developing countries. • MALE- FEMALE RATIO : The ratio of girls and boys should be fairly balanced in a society to flourish. But the ratio has been upset in many countries including China and India .China the ratio of girls and boys is 100: 140.
• DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION : Population growth is generally related to
economic development. The death rates and birth rates fall due to improved living conditions. This results in low population growth. This phenomenon is referred to a demographic transition. P O P U L AT I O N G R O W T H CAUSES OF RAPID POPULATION GROWTH :
• Population growth is due to decrease of death rate and increase in birth rate.
• Availability of antibiotics, immunisation , increased food production, clean water
and air decreases the famine-related deaths and infant mortality.
• Agricultural based countries, children’s are required to help parents in the fields that is why population increases in the developing countries. PROBLEMS ( ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUSES ) OF POPULATION GROWTH
1) Increasing demands for food and natural resources.
2) Inadequate housing and health services. 3) Loss of agricultural lands. 4) Unemployment and socio-political unrest. 5) Environmental pollution.
• Causes of population growth :
1) Fertility rates. 2) International migration. 3) Increase in climate change. 4) Impact on biodiversity loss. 5) Overexploitation of resources. METHODS OF POPULATION CONTR OL
• The different methods of population control in human beings are
1) Child Tax, 2) One-Child Policy, 3) Sterilization, 4) Medical Abortion, 5) Family Planning, etc.
