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1 Module I Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk

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18 views48 pages

1 Module I Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk

Uploaded by

rangesangelica03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 48

BASIC CONCEPT OF

HAZARD,DISASTER
AND DISASTER RISK

ALWAYS FIRST ALWAYS READY ALWAYS THERE


Typhoon
Volcanic Eruption
Tsunami
Flood
Earthquake
Landslide
All of these are natural events.
is a phenomenon that poses threat to people,
structure or economic assets
When Does a Natural Event
Become a Hazard?
TYPES OF HAZARD
GEOLOGIC
ATMOSPHERIC
BIOLOGIC
MAN-MADE
Types of Hazard and Examples for Each
Hydrologic
• Floods
• Wave action
• Drought
• Rapid glacier advance
Types of Hazard and Examples for Each
Atmospheric
• Typhoon • Blizzards
• Hurricane • Glaze storms
• Cyclone • Freezing rain
• Thunderstorm • High wind speed
• Excessive rainfall • Extreme
• Tornadoes temperatures
• Heavy snowfall • Lightning
• Hail
Types of Hazard and Examples for Each
Biologic
• Epidemic in humans
• Epidemic in plants
• Epidemic in animals
• Pest (insect) infestation
Types of Hazard and Examples for Each
Man-made
• Transport accidents
• Industrial explosions and fires
• Accidental releases of toxic chemicals, radiological
material, biologic material, oil, etc.
• Nuclear accidents
• Collapse of public buildings
• WMD – weapons of mass destruction (biological,
nuclear, incendiary, chemical and explosive
• Computer virus such as ‘Trojan horse’ program
HOW DOES A HAZARD
BECOME A DISASTER?
How a hazard becomes a disaster?
– Dregg’s model
WHEN DOES A HAZARD
BECOME A DISASTER?

A disaster happens when


the probable destructive
agent, the hazard, hits a
vulnerable populated area
WHEN DOES A HAZARD
BECOME A DISASTER?

Vulnerable
Hazard Community
WHEN DOES A HAZARD
BECOME A DISASTER?
Natural hazards are part and parcel
of the Philippine environment, but
disasters happen because human
settlements, infrastructures, people
and economic activities are placed
where hazards happen
WHAT IS DISASTER RISK?

Disaster risk refers to the


expectation value of deaths,
injuries, and property losses
that would be caused by a
hazard.
ELEMENTS OF DISASTER RISK
DISASTER RISK = HAZARD x EXPOSURE x VULNERABILITY

• Disaster risk is expressed as a function of


hazard, exposure, and vulnerability
• It seeks to
 express chance of the disaster happening
 quantify the impact
Disaster Risk Model

Magnitude of the disaster depends on:


• the severity of the natural event (hazard)
• the quantity of exposure of the elements at risk (lives and properties)
• vulnerability level or quality of exposure
Minimizing Disaster Risk

Risk Reduction Through Reduction of Exposure


and Vulnerability
Minimizing Disaster Risk
Risk Reduction Through Reduction of
Exposure and Vulnerability

Level of vulnerability and


exposure can be reduced by:
• Keeping people and property away
from hazards
• Relocation must come hand in hand
with mitigation and prevention
measures
Minimizing Disaster Risk
Why people are resistive to relocation?

• This would mean giving up their homes,


land, and even jobs;
• People tend to turn a blind eye;
• People remain in places previously hit by a
disaster thinking that after a large
magnitude event occurs comes a period
that is safe from another event
• The most vulnerable are the poor who are
forced to live in unsafe places
Minimizing Disaster Risk
RA 10121 Definition of Disaster

…A serious disruption in the functioning of a


society, causing widespread human, material
or environmental losses which exceeds the
ability of the affected society to cope within its’
own resources…
State of Calamity

A condition involving mass casualty


and/or major damages to property,
disruption of means of livelihoods, roads
and normal way of life of people in the
affected areas as a result of the
occurrence of natural or human-induced
hazard
Characteristics of Disasters

• Disasters are inherently unexpected


• Disasters cannot be managed through
normal means
• Disasters create demands beyond the
capacity of a government
• Knows no political boundary
• Requires structured and new responding
organizations
Characteristics of Disasters

• Creates new tasks and more people as


disaster responders
• Renders inutile routine emergency response
equipment and facilities
• Worsens confusion in understanding roles
of peoples and organizations
• Exposes lack of disaster planning, response
and coordination.
Impacts of Disasters

• Medical effects
• Damage to critical facilities
• Disruption of transportation
• Economic impact
• Global environmental change
• Social and political impact
Among the effects:

Loss of life
Loss of livelihoods
Damage to property
Destruction of infrastructure
Damage to the environment
Financial loss
Diversion of resources
Epidemics
Migration
Displaced people or refugees
Food shortages
Insecurity

The Philippine National Red Cross


End of Module

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