CH1 6M1Y CH2 Baseline 2021CS Combined DisseminationVersion June 30 2022

Performance
Monitoring for
Action- Ethiopia
Findings from
Cohort-1 (6-months and 1-year postpartum) and
Cohort-2 (baseline and 2021 Cross-section)
surveys
PMA Ethiopia
June, 2022
BILL & MELINDA GATES INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Presentation Outline
PART ONE: Cohort 1, six month & 1 year postpartum PART TWO: Cohort 2, baseline & 2021 cross
survey results
section survey results
1. About PMA Ethiopia
1. Overview of Study Design
2. Summary of key findings
2. Summary of key findings
3. Results
a. Continuum of care
3. Results
b. Infant immunization, illness, care seeking a. The panel baseline survey
and nutrition
b. The cross-section household and
c. Postnatal care female surveys
d. COVID-19 effects on care seeking c. The service delivery point (SDP)
survey
e. Postpartum family planning
4. Discussion 4. Discussion and next steps

PART ONE: Cohort 1-
Six month & One
Year Postpartum
Survey Results
What is PMA Ethiopia?
PMA Ethiopia is a five-year project implemented in collaboration with
Addis Ababa University, Johns Hopkins University, and the Federal
Ministry of Health.
• Nationally representative survey measuring key Reproductive,

maternal and newborn health (RMNH) indicators including:
o Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
o Vaccination coverage
o Modern contraceptive prevalence
o Reproductive empowerment and fertility intention
o Health facility readiness and quality of care
o Effect of COVID-19 on RMNCH services
Light fonts show sections already presented in previous disseminations
Survey Implementation and Participants
This presentation summarizes data from the 6-months and 1-year postpartum follow-up surveys
from Cohort-one PMA Ethiopia
6-months postpartum survey:

 Data collection: March 2020 to January 2021, with a pause due to COVID-19 lockdowns from
April to late July 2020; due to this delay, some women (1,171/48.5%) were interviewed later than
the planned 6-months postpartum interview follow-up window
 The analytic sample comprised of 2,414 women aged 15-49
 These women had a total of 2,460 live births – of whom 2,369 (96.3%) were alive at time of the
6-months interview
 Questions on COVID-19 were only asked to the 2,179 women who were interviewed after July,
2020
Survey Implementation and Participants (2)
1-year postpartum survey:
 Data collection: July 2020 and August 2021
 The analytic sample comprised of 2,094 women aged 15-49.
 These women had a total of 2,132 live births - of whom 2,055 (96.4%) were alive at the time of
the 1-year interview.
 Children-level analyses included in this report were restricted to all children still living at the time
of interviews.
Data collection was stopped in the Tigray region from November 2020 onwards due to security concerns.
Enrollment and timeline for panel study
Overall Cohort One Survey Implementation Timeline
BL : Baseline interview
6W : Six week postpartum interview
6M : Six month postpartum interview
1Y : One year postpartum interview
Key summary
findings from Cohort
one
(6 months and 12 months
follow-up interview)
What our results show: Maternal and
Newborn Health
 Despite increases in the coverage of RMNH services in recent years, the continuity of services
remains low. Initiatives to improve coverage of services must be matched with initiatives to
improve continuity.
• Less than one in five (17%) panel women received all the 4 key maternal and child health care
services (ANC 4+, delivery, PNC at 6 weeks and full immunization) across the continuum of care
• Nearly one-sixth of the women interviewed at 6 weeks postpartum went to a maternity waiting
home before going into labor
What our results show: Infants
 More work needed to improve routine immunization and sick infant care
• Only one-third of infants were fully vaccinated (8 vaccine doses) by their first birthday
• Less than one in ten (6%) infants with diarrhea received both ORS and zinc as treatment.
• Close to half of mothers who reported that their infant(s) suffered from fast breathing or
difficulty breathing at 6-months and 1-year postpartum sought care for their reported
breathing problem
What our results show: Postpartum Family
Planning
 Postpartum women are a key population to target for family planning services, with
many opportunities for contact. However, few opportunities are currently being
utilized. Greater attention to integration of services is needed
• Though unmet need for family planning decreased from 29% at 6-month to 26% at 1-
year postpartum, it is substantially higher than unmet need among the general
population of women 15-49
• Only a quarter (25%) and less (20%) women were informed about family planning
information, referral or services during any of the routine immunization visits for their
babies during 6-months and 1-year postpartum, respectively
• A higher percentage of women (23%) who went to a maternity waiting home before
going into labor used family planning compared to non-users (15%) at six week
postpartum period
What our results show: COVID-19
• Covid-19 has affected care seeking for vaccination (difficulty in accessing

immunization services and missing routine vaccination appointments) although
its impact decreased over time
Additional details on COVID-19
 Open access publications exploring
the early impact of COVID-19 on
RMNH indicators
 Carter et al - Found no significant
reductions in health seeking or content
of services across a range of RMNH
indicators
 Significant reductions in BCG vaccination
and chlorohexidine only in urban areas
 Zimmerman et al – Found shifts away
from hospital deliveries in first months of
COVID-19, but only in urban areas
 Woods et al – Intimate partner Violence
(IPV), particularly physical IPV has
increased in urban areas during Covid-19
A closer look at
results:
Continuum of Care
Continuum of care
Percentage of women and infants who received each service
100
90
80
70
60
50 54 53
40 42
38 36
30
20
10
0
4+ ANC visits dur- Facility delivery PNC within 24 PNC within 6- Fully immunized at
ing pregnancy (n=2,567) hours (n=2,537) weeks (n=2,541) one year (n=2,055)
(n=2,567)
Continuum of care
Despite better
coverage for
individual
services, fewer
than one in five
(17%) women
completed all the
four key
maternal and
child health care
services in the
first year
postpartum
Infants
(Immunization & care seeking)
Fully vaccinated by 1 year
Fully vaccinated 8 vaccine doses (n=2,055) Fully vaccinated 13 vaccine doses (n=2,055)
100
100 90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30 36
29
20 24
20 25
10 10
0 0
By card By card or self reported by the By card By card or self reported by the
mother mother
Only one third of infants were fully vaccinated (8 vaccine doses) at their first birthday, by card or self
reported by the mother. Only one quarter of infants were fully vaccinated (8 vaccine doses) at their first
birthday, by card
Note: 8 Vaccine doses are - BCG, Pentavalent-1(DPT-Hep B-Hib1), Polio-1, Polio-2, Pentavalent-2 (DPT-Hep B-Hib2), Polio-3, Pentavalent-3 (DPT-Hep B-Hib3) AND Measles-1
13 Vaccine doses are – 8 Vaccine doses and, PCV-1, Rota-1, PCV-2, Rota-2 AND PCV-3
Fully vaccinated child is one who received 8 or 13 vaccines at the age of 1 year as recommended by MoH
Fully vaccinated, by region
Fully vaccinated infants coverage (by card or self reported by the
mother)-8 vaccines, by region
100 Infants who were

90 fully vaccinated
80
90
by their first
70 birthday was the
60 highest in Addis
50 Ababa, and the
49
40 lowest in Afar
30 36
28
20 23
10 13
0
Addis (n=81) Amhara Total Oromia SNNP Afar (n=40)
(n=425) (n=2,054) (n=895) (n=478)
*n refers to the weighted n
Care seeking: Fast breathing
Percentage of infants with fast or difficult Percentage of infants with fast or difficult
breathing whose mothers sought/received breathing who received oral or injectable
care medication
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 55 50 52
40 47 46
40
30 30
20 20
10
10
0
0
6-months (n=51) 1-year (n=58)
6-months (n=51) 1-year (n=58)
Close to half of mothers who reported that their infant(s) suffered from fast breathing or difficulty
breathing at 6-months and 1-year postpartum sought care for their breathing problem
Care seeking: Diarrhea
6 months 1 year
Percentage of infants whose mothers
Percentage of infants whose mothers sought or re-
sought or received care for diarrhea (n=330)
ceived care for diarrhea (n=332)
100
100 80
90 60
40
80 43
20 25 6
70
0
60
h ea h ea h ea
50 r r r r
ia ar ia
r
40 r d di r d
fo the fo
30 re r n c
32
ca fo Zi
20
lth RS d
an
21 O
a
10 he v ed RS
6
ve
d
cei O
ed
0
cei Re v
Received health Received ORS for Received ORS and Re cei
care for diarrhea the diarrhea Zinc for diarrhea Re
• Few mothers sought care for their infants with diarrhea, three in ten at 6-months and four in ten at 1-year
• Only one fifth of infants with diarrhea received ORS for their diarrhea at 6 months, while only a quarter of infants got at 1- year
• Very few (6%) infants with diarrhea received both ORS and zinc for their diarrhea
Postnatal care
Maternity waiting home use before labor
Among women who women interviewed 6weeks postpartum
Percentage of women who went to maternity wait-

The percentage of women interviewed at 6weeks
ing home before going to labor by residence
postpartum who went to maternity waiting home
(n=2,563)
before going into labor(n=2,563) 100.0
90.0
80.0
14.7% 70.0
Yes 60.0
No
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0 24.2
85.3% 10.0 12.0

0.0
Rural (n=1977) Urban (n=583)
Nearly one-sixth of the women interviewed at 6 weeks postpartum went to a maternity

waiting home before going into labor
Maternity waiting home use after delivery
Among women who delivered in a health facility
Percentage of women who went to ma- Percentage of women who went to maternity wait-
ternity waiting home in the health facility ing home in the health facility after delivery by res-
after delivery (n=1,468) 100
idence (n=1,468)
90
80
Yes 70
36% No 60
50
40
64% 39
30 34
20
10
0
Rural (n=906) Urban (n=562)
More than one in three women stayed at maternity waiting home in the health facility
after delivery.
COVID-19 effect on
care seeking
Note on COVID-19 data
 COVID-19 related data were collected at 6-months and 1-year postpartum
from the same panel women.
 The timing of data collection was respondent-specific and depended on the
delivery date of respondents.
 Interview Period
 6-month interview: March 2020 to January 2021
 1-year interview: July 2020 to August 2021
 Date when COVID-19 restrictions began: March 16, 2020

 The COVID-19 analysis only includes women who were interviewed after July,
2020.
Difficulty accessing immunization services
Percentage of infants whose mothers experienced difficulties in accessing routine immunization services for their in -
100 fant(s) after COVID-19 restrictions began (n=2,179) 89
90 83
80 78
80 74
71 71
68 68
70 63 65
58
60
50
40
30 25
22 23
19 20 19 19 17
20 15 15
18 11 11
10 16
12 12 13 13
11
7 7
0 6 5
0
2020-Jul 2020-Aug 2020-Sep 2020-Oct 2020-Nov 2020-Dec 2021-Jan 2021-Feb 2021-Mar 2021-Apr 2021-May 2021-Jun
Sought care but had no difficulties Did not seek vaccination Attempted to seek care and had difficulties
The percentage of women who reported that they experienced difficulties in accessing vaccination
services for the index child decreased from 12% in July 2020 to 0% in June 2021
COVID-19 effect on routine infant vaccinations
Percentage of mothers with infant(s) who reported missing a routine vaccination
120 for the infant after COVID-19 restrictions began by calendar-month
98
100
86 85 88
82 84 82 84
79 78
80 75 73
60
40
25 27
22 22
19 16 18 16
20 14 15 12
2
0
2020-Jul 2020-Aug 2020-Sep 2020-Oct 2020-Nov 2020-Dec 2021-Jan 2021-Feb 2021-Mar 2021-Apr 2021-May 2021-Jun
No, did not miss routine vaccination appointment Yes, missed routine vaccination appointment
Nineteen percent of mothers interviewed in July 2020 reported that their child/ren missed a
vaccination since COVID-19 restriction began which later dropped to 2% in June 2021
Contraceptive use,
partner dynamics
and unmet need – at
6-months and 1-
year postpartum
Postpartum family planning
Percentage of women who are using any method to delay pregnancy at 6-months and 1-year postpartum
100
90
80
Percentage of women
70 who are using a method
60
to delay pregnancy
increases from 1%
50 43
40
38
30 with in 48hrs of
16
20
10
delivery to 15% at 6-
0
1
weeks and 38% at 6-
Immediate *6-weeks 6-months 1-year months and 43% at 1-
(with in (n=2664) (n=2414) (n=2094)
48hrs) from year postpartum
*6wk data
(n=2680)
*Data collection for the six-week postpartum interview occurred between October 2019 and September 2020, with a pause due to the COVID-19 pandemic from April
2020 to July 2020. Details on this survey can be found at: 6-week MNH technical report, 2019-2021
Maternity waiting home use before labor and Postpartum Family Planning use
Among women who women interviewed 6weeks postpartum
Percentage of women who used FP method during their postpartum pe-

riod by maternity waiting home use (n=2,563)
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0 22.6
15.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Maternity home users Maternity home non users
A higher percentage of women (23%) who went to a maternity waiting home before going into labor
used family planning compared to non-users (15%) at six week postpartum period
Postpartum contraceptive use, by method type
100
90
• Modern contraceptive
80
use increased from
15% at 6-weeks to
70
42% at 1-year
60
50 • Long-acting method
42
40 36
30 use increased from 4%
28
30 at 6-weeks to 12% at
20 15 12 11
1-year
10 9
2 1 4
<1
0
Modern method Traditional Long acting Short acting
of FP methods of FP method of FP method of FP
6-weeks (n=2664) 6-months (n=2,414) 1-year (n=2,094)
Family planning counseling during PNC
The percentage of women who received any family
planning information, referrals, or services during any of
the immunization visits for their babies
100
90 • Significant missed opportunities for family

80
planning service integration were observed during
PNC
70
• Among women who received immunization
60 services for their babies, only a quarter
50 (25%) and less (20%) women were
40
informed about family planning
information, referral or services during 6-
30
months and 1-year, respectively
20 25
20
10
0
6 months (n=2,036) 1 year (n=1,796)
Unmet need for family planning is 29% at 6-months and 26% at 1-year postpartum
Unmet need for limiting is 7% at 6-months and 5% at 1-year postpartum
PART TWO: Cohort 2-
Baseline and 2021
Cross-sectional Survey
Results
Objectives
• Present summary results from PMA Ethiopia’s second baseline panel and
third annual cross-sectional surveys on key Reproductive and Maternal
Newborn Health (RMNH) indicators
• Present trends in key family planning indicators from 2014 to 2021
• Identify regional variations in coverage and quality of selected RMNH

indicators
Presentation outline
 Antenatal and postnatal care
 Vaccination coverage
 Modern contraceptive prevalence
 Reproductive empowerment, fertility intention, and community norms
 Health facility readiness and quality of care
Light fonts show sections that will be presented in the coming follow-up result disseminations
PMA Ethiopia:
Overview of Cohort 2
/2021 Cross section
Survey Design
PMA Ethiopia: Survey Design
• Cross-sectional survey of
women ages 15-49
• Panel survey that follows
pregnant women from
pregnancy through first year
postpartum, covering 85% of
population. It also includes
women <6 weeks postpartum
women
• Annual health facility survey
(SDP)
• PMA Ethiopia included 243
enumeration areas (EAs) (243
CS,162 panel EAs)
• Cohort 2 Baseline, 2021 Cross-
section and SDP data collection
period: October 2021– January
2022
PMA Ethiopia: Panel Survey Design
In panel regions:
• Field staff completed a census of all households in the EA. The
census was used to identify and enroll currently pregnant or
recently postpartum women
After enrollment and baseline interviews:

Field staff will return to interview women who consented to participate in
the study at three different times:
Baseline 6 weeks 6 months One year

interview postpartum postpartum postpartum
PMA Ethiopia: Cross-section Design
The design for the cross-sectional survey is similar to what was used for
PMA2020/Ethiopia:
• A listing frame was created from the census or listing activity

• Supervisors then randomly selected 35 households per EA
• At each of the 35 households, REs conducted:
• The Household Questionnaire
• And Female Questionnaire for all women ages 15-49 in the
household at time of interview
PMA Ethiopia: Service Delivery Point
Provides health system trends annually

• Survey includes all levels of public facilities (Health Posts, Health
Centers, Hospitals) that serve the EA as assigned by the local
government
• Up to three private facilities included in a Kebele
The list of health facilities was obtained from the local district health
office of the selected EA.
Overview: PMA Ethiopia Panel and Cross-Section
Panel Enrollment Second (2022) Cross

(Cohort 2) & Panel Enrollment
section ?? End of second
Cross-Section (Cohort 2) & cohort
Cross-Section
Follow-up of pregnant and 6-weeks, 6-months and one

2021 2022 2023
postpartum women year postpartum
Individual Panel
Panel 6-week and results
X-section preliminary 6-
results month results
SDP 2021 SDP 2022

Private
2021 2022 2023
SDP Public
Panel Survey: Response Rates
Data collection: October 2021- Ongoing through 2023
25,360 households 25,132 women 2,313 eligible to
Screening
Panel enrollment
Census
completed census ages 15-49 enroll in study

completed 2,298 consented
screening to enroll
2,297 completed
Baseline (98.7%
response rate)
1796 (78.2%) pregnant &
501 (21.8%) postpartum
Cross-Section and SDP Surveys
• Data collection: October 2021-January 2022

• Sample weights applied
Unit Total submitted number Response Rate (%, n)
Households 8,461 98.9% (8,365)
Eligible women 15-49 8,082 98.8% (7,988)
Health Facilities 770 (public and private) 96.6% (744)
Key summary from
Cohort 2 Baseline &
2021Cross -sectional
Surveys
What our panel survey results show:
Maternal health
 There is a high rate of unintended pregnancy, as well as a missed opportunity to meet the
needs of high-parity women who want to limit or space their pregnancies
• More than one third (36%) women had an unintended pregnancy, ranging from 19% in
Addis Ababa to 41% in Oromia region
• The percentage of women with unintended pregnancy increases with parity – from 24%
to 53% in cohort 1 and 27% to 49% in cohort 2; for women with 0-1 child and those with
4 or more, respectively
What panel survey results show: Maternal
health(2)
 ANC coverage and quality are low. As a result, interventions to increase ANC coverage should
also focus on high-quality ANC
• Early ANC is low; however, the coverage increases with gestational age
• ANC components are reported being received late in pregnancy. However, more
women received ANC components in cohort 2 than cohort 1
• Fewer than 20% of women at any gestational age have received all the components of ANC in
cohort 1 and cohort 2
• Majority of pregnant women do not get counseling on birth preparedness and complication
readiness throughout their pregnancy
What our cross-section survey results
show: Family planning
 Despite various challenges in the past few years, there was no significant change in the national mCPR.
Moreover, the share of long-acting methods has been increasing. However, substantial regional variations
in mCPR and method-mix persisted. Effort is needed to improve coverage, quality and equity of family
planning services
• Growth in mCPR among all women in all regions is not uniform; while Oromia and Addis Ababa showed an
increase since the baseline (2014), the reverse is true in the Amhara region
• There has been a consistent increase in the share of modern long-acting/permanent methods from 17% in
2014 to 39% in 2021
• Only 19% of women receive "high-quality“* contraceptive counseling, which includes information on side
effects and alternative methods
• There is some improvement in quality of family planning counseling since 2019 although the level of
counseling is still suboptimal.
• *Yes to all MII+ items

What our cross-section survey results show:
Family planning (2)
 It is encouraging to note that unmet need for modern contraceptives decreased from 25% in
2014 to 19% in 2021 nationally, however there are substantial regional variations. Effort is
needed to narrow the gap across regions
• The biggest decline in unmet need was in Addis (7 percentage point) while the smallest
decline was in SNNP (4 percentage point) during the same period
• Unmet need was higher in Harari, followed by Oromia and SNNP regions, in 2021
• Demand for family planning is low in Afar and Somali regions, in 2021
Family planning (3)
 Covert contraceptive use rate is common and efforts should be made to strengthen partner
involvement in order to increase contraceptive use
• Close to 1 in 10 women who use female controlled method reported that their husband/partner
does/did not know they are using a FP method, meeting the definition of covert use
• Majority of non-contraceptive users made the decision not to use on their own, as opposed to
joint decision with their partner or a decision made solely by their husband
SDP
 There is limited readiness (in terms of trained human resources and services) in health facilities to
provide comprehensive long-acting family planning services, including removal of implants
• Of all health posts who reported that they provide implants as a method of FP, only 25% had at
least one staff member trained to provide implant removal services on regular basis
• Percentage of health centres which reported providing two long-acting FP methods and three
short-acting FP methods declined from 87% to 79% from 2017 to 2021
• Stock availability of essential medicines for labor and delivery is lower in health centers and the
private sector
COVID-19
 Despite limited facility readiness to manage Covid-19, there was no significant effect on
provision of key maternity services at the country level
• COVID-19 did not appear to cause significant impacts on contraceptive use at the national level
• There was a slight increase in both client volume for delivery services and the number of CS
deliveries in public hospitals, during the month of April 2021 compared to April 2019
• Availability of COVID -19 prevention and management services was lower in health centers and in
the private health facilities
What our cross-section survey results show: COVID-19 (2)
 The community risk perception about getting infected is relatively low. However, it
was encouraging to note that a significant majority of women 15-49 years are willing
to accept Covid-19 vaccines
• Close to four in ten women 15-49 years were not concerned about getting infected with
Covid-19
• Seven out of ten women 15-49 years were willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination if
offered
 Continuous awareness raising and building resilience are needed to address the
remaining challenges of the pandemic and improve preparedness for the future
PMA Ethiopia Baseline
survey findings:
Priority Indicators for
Maternal and Newborn
Health
Priority Indicators: Baseline Panel Survey
Indicators include:
• Antenatal Care (ANC)
• Receipt of ANC
• Components of ANC care and service provision
• ANC Counseling
• Postpartum Family Planning Counseling during ANC
• Results are among women who were pregnant at baseline (n=1,796)
• Presented by self-reported month of gestational age to give a snapshot of the services women
receive throughout pregnancy
• Results from 6-week postpartum survey will show cumulative services received during pregnancy (to
be presented in the future)
Panel Survey: Respondent characteristics of currently
pregnant women who completed the baseline survey
(n=1,796), weighted
Respondent characteristics Weighted (n) Percent
Gestational age at
enrollment
≤ 3 months 561 31.2
4 months 218 12.1
5 months 256 14.2
6 months 230 12.8
7 months 205 11.4
8 months 196 10.9
9+ months 130 7.2
Respondent characteristics of currently pregnant women
who completed the baseline survey (n=1,796), weighted
Age group
15-19 225 12.5
20-24 432 24.3
25-29 492 27.2
30-34 353 19.7
35+ 292 16.4
Residence
Urban 438 24.4
Rural 1,358 75.6
Total 1,796 100.0
Respondent characteristics of currently pregnant women who
completed the baseline survey (n=1,796), weighted
Region
Amhara 378 21.1
Oromia 944 52.5
SNNP 394 21.9
Addis Ababa 81 4.5
Total 1,796 100

Pregnancy Timing by Region
Results presented for all currently pregnant women (Total n=1,572 for cohort 1 , n= 1,796 for cohort 2)
4 6 5 2 3 At the time you became

10 6 10 9
13 pregnant, did you want to
17 16
27 19 23 become pregnant then, later, or
30
33 35 28 28 not at all?
• Nationally, the percentage

of women who reported “not
81 81 at all” decreased in cohort 2
69 72 72 by 4 percentage point
59 59 62 64
58
• The percentage of women
who wanted their pregnancy
later or not at all remained
-1 -2 1 * 2 * ** ** a-
1
a-
2
s-
1
s-
2
the same between cohort1
ia ia P- P- -l 1 -l 2 r r d i d i
ro
m
ro
m N N ta ta ha ha Ad Ad and cohort 2 for all regions
O O SN SN To To
Am A m
except SNNP where the
Then Later Not at all proportion decreased by 10
• Region-1 and 2 refers to cohort 1 and cohort 2 studies of the specific region percentage point in cohort 2.
• * SNNP -1 & -2, for comparison purpose, Sidama is excluded in both Cohort 1 & 2 analysis.
• ** Total -1 & 2 : includes the four regions only – Oromia, SNNP, Amhara and Addis Ababa. For comparison purpose, Tigray, Afar and Sidama regions are excluded.
Pregnancy Timing by Parity
Results presented for all currently pregnant women (Total n=1,572 for cohort 1 , n= 1,796 for cohort 2)
• The percentage of women who

3 3 7 5 10 6 did not want their current
11
22 24 22 pregnancy increases with
32 34 28 30 parity – from 25% to 55% in
38 cohort 1 and from 27% to 49%
33 in cohort 2 for women with 0-1
child and those with 4 or more,
respectively.
75 73
61 61 62 64
51 • The pattern of pregnancy
44 timing was similar between
cohort 1 and 2
• There is a missed opportunity

to meet the needs of high parity
women who desire to limit or
further space their pregnancies.
Then Later Not at all
Receipt of any ANC
Results presented for all pregnant women by gestational age (n=1,572 for cohort 1 , n= 1,796 for cohort 2)
• ANC coverage was

100% Percent of women who received any ANC similar in both
90% cohorts
84%
78%
80% 66%
76%
73% • ANC coverage
70% 66% 74%
increases with
60% 56%
62% gestational age,
50% 55%
early ANC care is
40% 35%
low
40%
30%
20%
19% • About a quarter of
23% women who are 8
10%
months pregnant
0% have not received
<3 Months 4 months 5 months 6 months 7 months 8 months 9+ months
any ANC care in
Gestational age (months) both cohorts
Cohort 1 Cohort 2
Components of ANC
Results presented for pregnant women with ANC visit by gestational age (n=843 for cohort 1 , n= 950 for cohort 2)
Gestational age Blood Pressure Weight taken (%) Urine Sample Taken (%) Blood Sample Taken (%)
measure taken (%)
Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2
≤ 3 months 66 61 55 49 42 65 57 63
4 months 65 79 58 65 50 62 62 76
5 months 73 74 69 69 40 57 67 66
6 months 74 78 69 73 48 60 72 71
7 months 79 79 63 76 40 58 58 78
8 months 78 91 71 78 44 53 67 78
9 + months 79 82 84 85 59 63 71 78
TOTAL 74 78 67 71 45 59 65 73
Components of ANC
Results presented for pregnant women with ANC visit by gestational age (n=843 for cohort 1 , n= 950 for cohort 2)
Gestational Stool Sample Taken Tested for Syphilis (%) Tested for HIV (%) Iron Supplement Taken*
age (%) (%)
Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2

≤ 3 months 15 20 14 12 44 41 48 15
4 months 24 20 17 17 58 56 52 31
5 months 23 19 22 17 57 43 61 40
6 months 23 20 14 15 59 55 65 59
7 months 17 21 17 19 43 60 71 63
8 months 29 24 15 17 53 59 77 74
9 + months 25 37 14 25 51 60 84 75
Total 22 23 16 17 52 53 67 42
• In general, ANC care components are reported being received late in pregnancy, in both cohorts.
*Iron supplementation was measured as whether the respondent reported taking an iron supplement, not whether it was received at ANC
Composite indicator* of receipt for selected ANC
components of care
20% Fewer than 20% of
Percent of women with ANC visits who received all components of women at any
18%
ANC gestational age have
16%
(n=843 for cohort 1 , n= 950 for cohort 2) received all the
14% 13% 15% components of ANC
14% in cohort 1 and 2.
12% 11%
10% 12% 9%
10% 10% *Composite indicator
9% 9%
8%
8% 8%
among women who
6% received ANC and who
6%
4%
have had their BP taken,
took iron during
2%
pregnancy, had urine and
2%
0% blood sampled and
0-3 Months 4 months 5 months 6 months 7 months 8 months 9+ months
tested for syphilis and
HIV at ANC
Cohort 1 Cohort 2
Receipt of ANC
30%
Percent of currently pregnant women with ANC visit who discussed all
readiness topics (n=843 for cohort 1 , n= 950 for cohort 2) Majority of pregnant
25% women do not get
counseling on birth
20% preparedness and
complication
readiness through their
15%
pregnancy
10%
10% 9% *Topics include place of delivery,
8% delivery by skilled birth attendant,
7% arrangement for transport for delivery,
5% 5% 5% 5% where to go if pregnancy danger signs
5% 4% 4% are experienced, and the following
3% 3% danger signs in pregnancy: severe
2%
1% headache with blurred vision, high
0% 1% blood pressure, edema/swelling,
0% convulsions/fits, and bleeding before
0-3 Months 4 months 5 months 6 months 7 months 8 months 9+ months Total delivery.
Gestational age (months)
Cohort 1 Cohort 2
Additional Indicators from Baseline Panel Survey
• Pregnancy intention
• Intention to use contraception
• Additional components of counseling received by gestational age
• Iron supplementation and other nutritional information by gestational age
• Experience of complications
PMA Ethiopia: Cross-
sectional survey
findings:
Reproductive Health
Priority Indicators: Cross-Sectional Survey
Indicators from data gathered among all women ages 15-49, including:
• Contraceptive use nationally and by region

• Method mix
• Unmet need
• Reasons for non-use
Family Planning Indicators
Select Family Planning and Fertility Indicators (All and Married Women, Age 15-49)
Contraceptive Prevalence (CPR) (%) All Women Married Women

(n=7,988) (n=5,088)
All Methods CPR 25.1 (22.9, 27.5)* 36.2 (33.0, 39.4)*

Modern Method CPR 24.1 (21.9, 26.4)* 34.7 (31.6, 37.9)*
Long Acting/Permanent CPR 9.3 (8.0, 10.7)* 13.5 (11.7, 15.6)*
Total Unmet Need 13.2 19.1

For Limiting 4.3 6.3
For Spacing 8.9 12.8
Total Demand 38.3 55.3
Demand Satisfied by 62.9 62.8
Modern Method (%)
* Confidence intervals
Family Planning Indicators
by region among married women
Select Family Planning and Fertility Indicators (Married Women Age 15-49, by region, n=5,088)
Region AA Amh Oro SNNP Sida Gam Som BG Har Afa DD National
All Methods CPR 61 40 36 31 59 48 0 55 27 3 34 36
Modern Method Use 54 39 34 30 57 47 0 55 23 3 33 35
Long Acting/
27 11 14 15 15 7 0 22 3 2 18 14
Permanent CPR
Total Unmet Need 7 14 24 21 13 14 16 9 25 12 19 19
For Limiting 4 6 7 7 5 7 6 4 10 2 8 6
For Spacing 3 8 17 14 8 8 11 6 15 10 11 13
Total Demand 68 53 59 52 73 62 16 64 52 15 53 55
Demand Satisfied by
80 73 57 58 78 75 0 85 45 20 62 63
Modern Method (%)
• Regional disparities in key family planning indicators continue to persist, with modern contraceptive use being
higher in Sidama, followed by Benishangul-Gumuz and Addis Ababa.
• Unmet need was higher in Harari, followed by Oromia and SNNP regions
Trends in mCPR among all women
by region, 2014-2021
40
Modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR)
34
35 Growth in mCPR
30
30
28
among all women
24
in all regions is
25 24
23
24
not uniform;
20 21 while Oromia
17 and Addis
15
Ababa showed
10 increasing trend
5
from the first
PMA survey
0
PMA2014 PMA2015 PMA2016 PMA2017 PMA2018 PMA2019 PMA2020 PMA2021
(2014), the
reverse is true in
Survey year
the Amhara
Addis Ababa Amhara Oromia SNNP* Total
region
* Include Sidama
Trends in mCPR among married women
60
Modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR)
54
50
Growth in mCPR
40
34.3
39
34.7
among married
30 34 women between
2020 and 2021 was
20 seen in Addis and
10
SNNP while
6.3
4.3
6.6 Amhara and
5
0 Oromia regions
2000
2011
PMA2014
PMA2015
PMA2016
PMA2017
PMA2018
PMA2019
PMA2020
PMA2021
have shown
decreases
Survey year
Addis Ababa Amhara Oromia SNNP Total
Trends in unmet need among married women
35
• A decreasing
trend in unmet
30 30 need among
married women
25 25 between 2014
24
23
19 and 2021 was
20 19
20 seen in all regions
15 14
14
• The biggest
10 decline in unmet
7 need was in Addis
5
while the smallest
0
was in SNNP by 7
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 and 4 percentage
Amhara Oromia SNNP+Sidama Addis points respectively
Statistical significance of changes in regional mCPR among
all women, 2020-2021
Select family planning and fertility indicators (All Women ages 15-49, by region)
2020 2021
Absolute
Region mCPR all [95% Conf.
mCPR all women [95% Conf. Interval] difference
women Interval]
Amhara 30.8 28.5 33.3 27.6 23.6 31.9 -3.2

Oromia 24.8 22.8 27.0 23.7 19.6 28.3 -1.1
SNNP + Sidama 23.4 21.3 25.7 24.2 22.3 26.1 0.8
Addis 25.4 22.4 28.7 30.0 27.2 33.0 4.6
Total 25.0 23.8 26.2 24.1 21.9 26.4 -0.9
• There was a decreasing pattern in mCPR across all regions except in Addis and SNNP in 2021
• However, the changes in mCPR were not statistically significant between 2020 and 2021
Trend in married women mCPR
by age
Modern contraceptive prevalence
50
45 44
40 4041
38 An increasing trend
35 3533 36
35 in mCPR among
rate (mCPR)
33 32 32
30 29 younger age groups
26
25 (15-34) from the
22
20 baseline year (2014)
15 through 2021
12
10
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
For the
Survey year older age groups
(35-49) however,
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34
there is a decreasing
35-39 40-44 45-49 Total
trend
Trends in Contraceptive Method Mix - Married Women
n= 1628 (for 2020) n=1793 (for 2021)
• Method mix showed

PMA2021 35 2 53 6 3 increased use of
long-acting
methods
• Implant use
increased from
30% to 35% of the
PMA2020 30 2 59 6 2
total modern
method mix among
married women
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Implant IUD Injectables Pills Other modern
Contraceptive Method Mix among Married Women by region
(n=1793)
1 1 2 1
100 0
6 7 9 5 9 4 6
7
90 2
18
80 18
46
Long-acting
Percent contraceptive method mix
70
51 52 17 53
28
60
50
64
75 4
69
methods
1
40 2
8
2
(implants and
30 1 48 52 3
IUDs) contribution
to the total
20 37 41 41 35
27 22
10
modern method
16
3 2 1 2 2
0 1
mix among
married women is
low in Gambella,
Sidama and
Regions Amhara regions
Female sterilization Implant IUD
Injectables Pill Other
Share of Modern Long-acting/Permanent Method Users in
Comparison to Total Modern Method Users
Among married women ages 15-49 years
60
50
50 There has been
an increase in
42
40 42 long-acting
39 method use since
30
31
2014 in all regions
29
21
20 SNNPR showed
17
the largest
10
14 increase by 31
11
percentage point
0 over this time
PMA2014 PMA 2014 PMA2015 PMA2016 PMA2017 PMA2018 PMA2019 PMA 2020 PMA 2021
period
Addis Ababa Amhara Oromia SNNPR
Reasons for Non-Use of Family Planning
Reasons Mentioned for Non-Use Among All Women Wanting to Delay Next
Birth (n=2,660) • Among current non-users of
family planning nearly half
Perceived Not-At-Risk/Lack of Need reported that they are not
47
using because they do not
Not Married 43
perceive themselves as
being at risk of becoming
Method or Health-related Concerns 12 pregnant
Opposition to Use 6
• About one in ten cited
Lack of Access/Knowledge 2 method or health concerns,
which could include side
Other 6 effects – real or perceived – as
a reason for non-use
Quality of family
planning counseling
Regional trends: counseling on other methods
Trends in percentage of family planning users ages 15-49 years who were informed about other
contraceptive methods
100
90
80
70
70
60
60 55
51 49
4950
50 49
40 42
41
30
20
10
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Amhara Oromia SNNP Addis Total
The proportion of FP users ages 15-49 years who were informed about others contraceptive methods
showed slight increase since 2019 nationally although there is regional variation
Regional trends: counseling on side effects
Trends in percentage of current modern family planning users ages 15-49 years who were counselled on side
effects
100
90
80
70
59
60
50 51 42
38
40 39 37
30 32
24
20 23
10
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
There was a slight increase in the percentage of current FP users ages 15-49 years who were counselled on side
effects in 2021 compared to 2020, ranging from the lowest in Amhara (23%) to the highest in Addis (42%)
Regional trends: counseling on what to do about side effects
Trends in percentage of current modern family planning users ages 15-49 years who were told what to do if side
effects were to occur
100
88
90
85 8383
80 81 80
70 78
72
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
The percentage of current modern FP users ages 15-49 who were told what to do if side effects were to occur
has increased since 2019, both nationally and regionally
Method Information Index* - Quality of counseling
The Method Information Index (MII) is a composite metric that calculates
an index as the proportion of respondents who answered “yes” to three
equally weighted questions referring to counseling information given to
the client when obtaining the contraceptive method
The questions are:
1 “Were you informed about alternative contraceptive methods?”;
2. “Were you informed about the side effects of each method?”; and,
3. “Were you told what to do if side effects were to occur?”
A fourth question “Were you told that you could switch to another method”
is added to make the MII+
Method Information Index* - Quality of counseling
 Quality of counseling
1. “No Counseling” - zero/no information received across all three
questions
2. “Poor Quality Counseling” - being informed on only one of the three
indicator questions,
3. “Intermediate Quality Counseling” informed on two indicator questions
4. “Good Counseling” informed on all three indicator questions
Method Information Index +
Percent of women who were told about side effects, what to do about side effects, of other methods, and the
possibility of switching methods
Percentage of women who

answered 'yes' to all MII+
questions
Were you told by the provider about methods of FP other than the method you received? (n=1,928) 51 49
When you obtained your method were you told by the provider about side effects or problems you might have? (n=1,929) 68 32 19%
Were you told what to do if you experienced side effects or problems? (n=656) 20 80
Were you told that you could switch to a different method in the future? (n=1,927) 54 46
81%
0 20 40 60 80 100 Answered 'yes' to all 4 MII questions
No Yes Answered 'No' to atleast one MII+ questions
Around 1 in 5 women received FP counseling on all of the above four

elements
Regional trends: Good Counseling
Trends in percentage of women who received "good counseling*“ about modern family planning
methods
60
50
49
40
37
30 29
25 25
20 21 2120
17
16
10
0
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Overall, the percentage of women receiving "good counseling" is increasing since 2019 nationally
*Good Counseling - informed on all three indicator questions
Partner involvement in FP decisions*
Does/did your husband/partner know that you are/were When did you talk with your partner about using
using a FP method? your modern method
Among users of female controlled method Among users who husband/partner are aware of
(n= 1,922) use
(n= 1,740)
9 1
22
Before
Do not know After

No
Yes 77 No discussion
91
• Close to 1 in 10 women reported that their husband/partner does/did not know they are using a FP method
• Around 1 in 5 women discussed with their partner after using their current contraceptive method
Partner involvement in FP decisions (2)
Percent of women who are not currently using family
Percent of women whose partners do not know they planning and agree with the following statements
are using a method and gave the following reasons (n=5,254)
(n=200)
IS NOT using contraception mainly your
It does not concern him 38 decision/husband/both?
There might be negative consequences in
38 Mainly respondent 68
telling him
Joint Decision 25
Other 27
Mainly husband/partner 4
He does not know about FP 12 Other 3
0 20 40 60 80 10
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Largest percentage of women said 'it doesn't concern him’ Majority of FP non-user women (68%) reported
(38%), and ‘there might be negative consequences in that not using family planning is mainly their
telling him’ (38%) as reasons for not discussing with partner decision
PMA Ethiopia Cross-
sectional survey findings:
2021 Health Facilities
Survey
Priority Indicators: Service Delivery Point Survey
Results from the health facility survey come from data collected from a range of
facilities throughout the country
Priority indicators include:
• Stock availability
o Contraceptive commodities
o Life-saving maternal and reproductive health medicines
• Provision of FP services by selected health facilities:
o 2 Long-acting family planning methods
o 3 Short acting family planning methods
Priority Indicators: Service Delivery Point Survey (2)
• Health posts provision of FP services:

o Offering at least four family planning methods
o Staffed with at least one trained staff on implant removal on typical days
and on the day of interview
• Abortion services
o Availability of safe-abortion or postabortion care services on a regular
basis
PMA Ethiopia Health Facility Sample
Public (n) Public (%) Private (n) Private (%) Total (n)
Hospital 140 27.9 % 4 1.7% 144
Health center 212 42.2 % 3 1.2% 215

Health post* 148 29.5 % 0 0% 148
Health clinic 0 0% 139 57.7% 139

Pharmacy 2 0.4 % 40 16.6% 42
Drug Shop/Rural
Drug Vendor 0 0% 55 22.8% 55
Total 502 100% 241 100% 743
*119 Health posts has Level-IV HEWs
Hospitals offering family planning with methods in stock
on day of interview (N=143)
Male Condom 85% 3% 7% 6% • Majority of

hospitals have a
Emergency Contraception 76% 7% 12% 5% range of family
planning methods in
stock
Pills 78% 18% 4% 1%
• Close to one-sixth
Injectable 83% 13% 3% 1%
of the hospitals were
out of stock for most
IUD 90% 4% 1% 6% methods at some
point in the past 3
Implants 81% 17% 1%1% months prior the
survey.
Method in stock In stock, but stockout in last 3 months
Out of stock at the day of interview Method not offered
Health Centers offering family planning with methods in
stock on day of interview (N=213)
• Majority of health
Male Condom 84% 5% 8% 4%
centers reported
having a range of
Emergency Contraception 73% 12% 11% 4%
family planning
methods in stock
Pills 78% 15% 7% 1%
• Approximately one
Injectable 61% 32% 7% 1% third of these
facilities reported
being out of stock of
IUD 75% 5% 3% 17%
Injectable at some
point in the past
Implants 75% 20% 5% 1% three months
Method in stock In stock, but stockout in last 3 months

Out of stock in the past 3 months Method not offered
Health Posts offering family planning with methods in
stock on day of interview (N=143)
• Majority of health
Male Condom 62% 4% 21% 13% posts reported
offering short-acting
Emergency Contraception 28% 11% 27% 34% methods
• Only 2% of Health
Pills 59% 18% 22% 1% Posts with Level 4
HEWs reported IUD
Injectable 52% 27% 18% 3% available on the day
of the interview
IUD 2% 0% 0% 98%
• Health posts
Implants 57% 7% 14% 22%
reported higher
levels of stock out
for emergency
In stock, but stockout in last 3 months Out of stock
contraceptives, pills,
Method not offered Series5
male condom and
injectables
HPs reporting IUD availability are those with Level-IV HEWs
Percentage of health centers providing two long-acting
methods (Implants and IUDs), three short-acting methods
(Injectable, Male condom and Pills of all types)
100
91
90 87 86 89
82 81 80 79 79
80 80
75
70
64 61
60
58
50
44
40
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Amhara Oromia SNNP* Addis Ababa
• Availability of two long acting and three short acting methods showed a slight decline over the past five
years nationally
* The 2021 data for SNNP Region include Sidama
Percentage of health posts which reported providing at least
four family planning methods
(Injectable, Implant, Male condom and Pills of all types by region)
100
90 87
80 78 83 83
70 71
60
50
50
46
40
33
30
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Amhara Oromia SNNP*
• Availability of at least four contraceptive methods at health posts increased between 2014 and 2016 and then
plateaued
• There is some regional variation in provision of at least four methods at health posts, but no clear pattern over the
years
* The 2021 data for SNNP Region include Sidama
Stock availability of life-saving maternal and
reproductive health medicines
Among public and private facilities offering labor and delivery
86
81 83 82 84.5
78 The stock availability of at least
*7 essential medicines at public
facilities increased from 81% in
57 2019 to 86% in 2021, and from
28% in 2019 to 44% in 2021 in
44
the private sector; however, stock
availability of life-saving maternal
28
and RH medicines in the private
sector is lower compared to the
public facilities
n=390 n=338 n=351 n=22 n=14 n=16 n=412 n=352 n=367

Public Private Total
2019 2020 2021 *Defined as at least one valid dose of oxytocin, magnesium sulfate, and any 5
other essential medicines located within the facility.
Stock availability of life-saving maternal and
reproductive health medicines
Among hospitals and health centers offering labor and delivery
100 97
94
91
90 • There is some increase in the
83
80
78 stock availability of at least *7
72 essential medicines at health
70
centers from 72% in 2019 to 83% in
Percent of facilities
60 2021
50
40 • There was a slight decline among
30
hospitals in the same time period
20
10
0 n=160 n=140 n=142 n=233 n=204 n=213
Hospital Health Center
2019 2020 2021

*Defined as at least one valid dose of oxytocin, magnesium sulfate, and any 5 other essential medicines located within the facility.
Health Centers Provision of Services
%
6
8
69% Provide Family Planning and

Safe-abortion Services
Provide Post-abortion Care
Services
Among the 215 health centers included in the Among the 215 health centers
survey, 69% reported that they offer family included in the survey, 86%
planning and safe abortion services, by report. reported they offer post-abortion
care services, by report.
Health Posts Provision of Services – Implant Removal
22%
Provider trained on implant
25%
Provider trained on implant
removal services available on removal services available on
regular basis day of interview
Of all health posts who reported that they Of all health posts surveyed who reported that
provide implant as a method of FP (n=111), they provide implant as a method of FP (n=111),
only 25% had at least one staff member 22% had at least one staff member trained to
trained to provide implant removal services provide implant removal services present on the
on typical days day of the interview
COVID-19 risk
perception, vaccine
hesitancy and its
effect on health
service delivery
COVID-19
The following subjects related to COVID-19 were

explored from the Baseline/CS and SDP surveys
 Risk perception on COVID-19
 COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy
 Economic impact of COVID-19
 COVID-19 Services availability and readiness gathered from health facilities
Concern about community spread COVID-19
Percentage of women with some awareness of COVID, who reported con-
50 cern of COVID spread in their community (n=7,981)
45
40
35 33
31
30
25
21
20
14
15
10
5
0
Very concerned Concerned A little concerned Not concerned
One third of the women reported that they were very concerned about the spread of COVID-19 in
their community
Taking COVID-19 vaccination
Percent of respondents who would be willing to take Covid-19 vaccination by region
(n=7,951)
100 2 1 1 1
1 3 2 5 4 5 4 0 4 3
3 8 3 4 2 6 4
12
90 16
15 23 19
16 26
80 12 25 25
80 34
70 75 75 73 18 51
71
68 62 68
60
59 57 51
50
40 44
30
31 30
20
10
0
i ar ri s l
P a uz lla ia ra al a
ra di ta
N am m e m ha m Da
w Af a d o
SN id u b ro So H A T
S l -G am O Am ra
gu
G Di
an
i sh Yes I will take No I won't take Already vaccinated Not decided yet
en
B
Three in ten women from Addis and Harari women said they were willing to take a vaccination against
the COVID-19 if offered to them
Availability of COVID-19 prevention and management services* -by
facility type and sector
100 100
90 90 Nearly four out of ten

80 80 hospitals and 14% of health
centers had COVID prevention,
70 70
management and referral
60 60
services at their facility
50 50
40
39
40 Only one percent of private
30 30
facilities have COVID prevention
17
or treatment services
20 14 20
10 10
1
*Defined as availability of
0
Hospital Health
0 COVID-19 screening, testing,
Public (n=500) Private (n=201)
(n=144) Center treatment, vaccination and
(n=215)
referral services
Average delivery volume & Caesarean Deliveries before and during COVID
restrictions among Hospitals which offer labor and delivery care
Delivery Volume Cesearean delivery
212
200 205 200
200
150 150
100 100
50 50 53
49
41
0 0
Apr-19 Apr-20 Apr-21 Apr-19 Apr-20 Apr-21
(n=132) (n=136) (n=141) (n=119) (n=127)
(n=117)
• There was a slight increase in both client volume for delivery services and the number of CS deliveries in
public hospitals, during the month of April 2021 compared to April 2019
BILL & MELINDA GATES INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 115
Average delivery volume before and during COVID restrictions among
health centers which offer labor and delivery care
There is a slight
increase in delivery
volume at health
centers from April
2019 (36) to April
2021 (46)
n=195 n=200 n=203 n=204 n=208 n=210
BILL & MELINDA GATES INSTITUTE FOR POPULATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 116
Acknowledgements
• Federal Ministry of Health
• Central Statistical Agency
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• Ethiopian Public Health Association
• The REs ,supervisors and regional coordinators of PMA Ethiopia
• Community members who welcomed PMA Ethiopia

Thank you!
pmadata.org
/pm4action
@pm4action
@pm4action
@pmaethiopia

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Performance

4. Discussion 4. Discussion and next steps

• Nationally representative survey measuring key Reproductive,

Light fonts show sections already presented in previous disseminations

6-months postpartum survey:

• Covid-19 has affected care seeking for vaccination (difficulty in accessing

100 Infants who were

*n refers to the weighted n

Percentage of women who went to maternity wait-

85.3% 10.0 12.0

Nearly one-sixth of the women interviewed at 6 weeks postpartum went to a maternity

 Date when COVID-19 restrictions began: March 16, 2020

Percentage of women who used FP method during their postpartum pe-

6-weeks (n=2664) 6-months (n=2,414) 1-year (n=2,094)

90 • Significant missed opportunities for family

• Present trends in key family planning indicators from 2014 to 2021

• Identify regional variations in coverage and quality of selected RMNH

 Antenatal and postnatal care

 Modern contraceptive prevalence

 Reproductive empowerment, fertility intention, and community norms

 Health facility readiness and quality of care

After enrollment and baseline interviews:

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months One year

• A listing frame was created from the census or listing activity

Provides health system trends annually

Panel Enrollment Second (2022) Cross

Follow-up of pregnant and 6-weeks, 6-months and one

SDP 2021 SDP 2022

25,360 households 25,132 women 2,313 eligible to

completed census ages 15-49 enroll in study

• Data collection: October 2021-January 2022

Unit Total submitted number Response Rate (%, n)

Households 8,461 98.9% (8,365)

Eligible women 15-49 8,082 98.8% (7,988)

Health Facilities 770 (public and private) 96.6% (744)

needs of high-parity women who want to limit or space their pregnancies

Addis Ababa to 41% in Oromia region

• *Yes to all MII+ items

Respondent characteristics Weighted (n) Percent

Respondent characteristics Weighted (n) Percent

Amhara 378 21.1

Oromia 944 52.5

SNNP 394 21.9

Addis Ababa 81 4.5

Total 1,796 100

4 6 5 2 3 At the time you became

• Nationally, the percentage

• The percentage of women who

• There is a missed opportunity

• ANC coverage was

Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2

Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2 Cohort - 1 Cohort - 2

Gestational age (months)

• Intention to use contraception

• Additional components of counseling received by gestational age

• Iron supplementation and other nutritional information by gestational age

• Contraceptive use nationally and by region

Contraceptive Prevalence (CPR) (%) All Women Married Women

All Methods CPR 25.1 (22.9, 27.5)* 36.2 (33.0, 39.4)*