CE3491 – STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
VINOTH KUMAR M
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR /MECHANICAL
MOUNT ZION COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
MZCET/II YR/MECH/CE3491/SOM/UNIT I 1
Outline
1.1 Rigid bodies and deformable solids
1.2 Tension, compression and shear stresses
1.3 Deformation of simple and compound
bars
1.4 Thermal stresses
1.5 Elastic constants, volumetric strains
1.6 Stresses on inclined planes
1.7 Principal stresses and principal planes
1.8 Mohr’s circle of stress
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Previous Class
1.4 Thermal Stresses
Today’s Session
1.5 Elastic Constants,
Volumetric Strain
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1.5
ELASTIC CONSTANTS
Three types of elastic constants:
– Modulus of Elasticity or Young’s Modulus (E),
– Bulk Modulus (K) and
– Shear Modulus or Modulus of Rigidity (G or C)
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1.5
LONGITUDINAL STRAIN
The ratio of axial deformation to the
original length of the body is known as
longitudinal or linear strain.
– el = 𝜹L/L
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1.5
LATERAL STRAIN
A circular bar of length (l) and diameter (d)
subjected to an axial load P. Then the length of
the bar will increase while the diameter of the
bar will decrease.
et = 𝜹d/d
In case of Rectangular bar,
et = 𝜹b/b or 𝜹t/t
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1.5
POISSON’S RATIO
When a body is stressed, within its elastic
limit, the ratio of lateral strain to the
longitudinal strain is constant for a given
material.
𝝁 or 1/m = et/el
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1.5
VOLUMETRIC STRAIN (ev)
The ratio of change in volume to the
original volume is known as volumetric strain.
ev = dv/v
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1.5
YOUNG’S MODULUS (E)
When a body is stressed, within its elastic
limit, the ratio of tensile stress to the
corresponding tensile strain is constant.
E = σ/el
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BULK MODULUS (K)
When a body is stressed, within elastic
limit, the ratio of direct stress to the
corresponding volumetric strain is constant.
K = σ/ev
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1.5
MODULUS OF RIGIDITY (G)
When a body is stressed, within elastic
limit, the ratio of shearing stress to the
corresponding shearing strain is constant.
G = Ꞇ/
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PROBLEM 1:
Determine the change in length, breadth
and thickness of a steel bar which is 5 m long, 20
mm wide and 15 mm thick subjected to a axial
pull of 100 kN in the direction of its length. Take
E = 200 Gpa and Poisson’s ratio = 0.3.
Ans: 𝜹L = 8.35 mm, 𝜹b = 10.02 x 10-3 mm, 𝜹t
= 7.51 x 10-3 mm
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1.5
Problem 2:
A bar of 20 mm diameter is tested in
tension. It is observed that when a load of 40 kN
is applied, the extension measured over a gauge
length of 200 mm is 0.12 mm and contraction in
diameter is 0.036 mm. Find Poisson’s ratio and
Elastic constants E,G and K.
Ans: 1/m = 0.3, E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2, G = 8.0 x
104 N/mm2, K = 1.75 x 105 N/mm2
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1.5
Problem 3:
A steel rod of 20 mm diameter, 4 m long
carries a tensile load of 50 kN. Calculate the
change in length, diameter and volume of the
rod. Take E = 2 x 105 N/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio =
0.3.
Ans: 𝜹L = 3.18 mm, 𝜹d = 4.74 x 10-3 mm, dV =
401.25 mm3
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1.5
Summary
• Elastic Constants
• Problems solved on Elastic Constants
• Problems solved on volumetric strain
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1.5
Other References
• Rajput R.K. “Strength of Materials (Mechanics
of Solids)", S.Chand & company Ltd., New
Delhi, 7th edition, 2018.
• Rattan S.S., “Strength of Materials", Tata
McGraw Hill Education Pvt .Ltd., New Delhi,
2017.
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