Lecture 4

UGBS 102
Introduction to Computing

Lecturers:
Dr. Awuni Emmanuel
Dr. Owusu Acheampong
Dr. Emmanuel Owusu-Oware
Mr. Divine Agozie
Operating System
 Objectives Overview

Explain how an operating

Describe the start-up system provides a user
process and shutdown interface, manages
Define an operating system
options on computers and programs, manages
mobile devices memory, and coordinates
tasks

Describe how an operating Identify file management

system enables users to and other tools included
configure devices, establish with an operating system,
an Internet connection, along with ways to update
and monitor performance operating system software

See Page 378 3

for Detailed Objectives
 Objectives Overview

Explain how an
Summarize the
operating system
features of several
enables users to
desktop operating
control a network or
systems
administer security

Summarize the
Briefly describe various
features and uses of
server operating
several mobile
systems
operating systems

See Page 378 4

for Detailed Objectives
 Operating Systems

• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer and mobile device hardware
Start and shut
Provide a user
down a computer Manage programs Manage memory
interface
or mobile device

Establish an Monitor
Coordinate tasks Configure devices
Internet connection performance

Provide file
management and Updating operating
Control a network Administer security
other device or system software
media-related tasks

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 Operating Systems

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Figure 9-1
 Operating System Functions

• Starting Computers and Mobile Devices

• If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a power button to turn it on

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Figure 9-2
 Operating System Functions

• An operating system includes various power options

Sleep mode saves any open Hibernate saves any open

documents running programs documents and running
or apps to memory, turns off programs or apps to an
all unneeded functions, and internal hard drive before
then places the computer in a removing power from the
low-power state computer or device

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 Operating System Functions

• A user interface
(UI) controls how
you enter data and
instructions and
how information is
displayed on the
screen
• With a graphical
user interface (GUI),
you interact with
menus and visual
images
Pages 381 – 382 9
Figure 9-3
 Operating System Functions

• In a command-line interface, a user types commands represented by

short keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions.

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Figure 9-4
 Operating System Functions

• How an operating system handles programs

directly affects your productivity

Single tasking Foreground

Single user
and and
and multiuser
multitasking background

Pages 383 - 384 11

 Operating System Functions

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Figure 9-5
 Operating System Functions

• Memory management optimizes the use of the computer

or device’s internal memory
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium
functioning as additional RAM

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Figure 9-8
 Operating System Functions

• The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed

Pages 386 – 387 14

Figure 9-9
 Operating System Functions

A driver is a small
Plug and Play
program that tells the
automatically
operating system how
configures new devices
to communicate with a
as you install them
specific device

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Operating System Functions

• Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections

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Figure 9-10
Operating System Functions

• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information

about various computer resources and devices

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Figure 9-11
 Operating System Functions

Operating systems often provide users with a variety

of tools related to managing a computer, its devices,
or its programs

File Manager Search Image Viewer Uninstaller Disk Cleanup

Disk File PC Backup and

Screen Saver
Defragmenter Compression Maintenance Restore

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 Operating System Functions

• Automatic update automatically provides new features or

corrections to the program

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Figure 9-12
 Operating System Functions

• Some operating systems • A network administrator

are designed to work uses the server operating
with a server on a system to:
network. • Add and remove users,
• These multiuser computers, and other
devices
operating systems allow • Configure the network,
multiple users to share a install software and
printer, Internet access, administer network
files, and programs security

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 Operating System Functions

• A user account enables a

use to sign in to, or
access resources on, a
network or computer
• A username, or user ID,
identifies a specific user
• A password is a private
combination of characters
associated with the user
name

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Figure 9-13
Types of Operating Systems

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Table 9-2
 Desktop Operating Systems

• A desktop operating system is a complete

operating system that works on desktops, laptops,
and some tablets

Windows Mac OS UNIX

Chrome
Linux
OS

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 Desktop Operating Systems

• Windows 8 offers these features:

• Start screen interface with tiles
• Includes the desktop interface
• Support for input via touch, mouse, and keyboard
• Email app, calendar app, and browser included
• Photos, files, and settings you can sync with SkyDrive
• Enhanced security through an antivirus program,
firewall, and automatic updates
• Windows Store offers additional applications for
purchase

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 Desktop Operating Systems

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Desktop Operating Systems

• The Macintosh operating system has earned a reputation for its ease of use
• Latest version is OS X

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 Desktop Operating Systems

UNIX is a multitasking
operating system developed
in the early 1970s

Linux is a popular,
multitasking UNIX-based
operating system
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Figures 9-14 – 9-15
 Desktop Operating Systems

• Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with

web apps

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Figure 9-16
 Server Operating Systems

Windows OS X
Server Server

UNIX Linux
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Mobile Operating Systems

• The operating system on mobile devices and many

consumer electronics is called a mobile operating
system and resides on firmware

Windows
Android iOS
Phone

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 Mobile Operating Systems

• Android is an open
source, Linux-based
mobile operating system
designed by Google for
smartphones and tablets

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Figure 9-17
 Mobile Operating Systems

• iOS, developed by Apple,

is a proprietary mobile
operating system
specifically made for
Apple’s mobile devices

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Figure 9-18
 Mobile Operating Systems

• Windows Phone,
developed by Microsoft,
is a proprietary mobile
operating system that
runs on some
smartphones

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Figure 9-19
 Summary

Variety of desktop
operating systems,
Functions common to
server operating
most operating systems
systems, and mobile
operating systems

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