REPRESENTING REAL-

LIFE
SITUATIONS USING
FUNCTIONS
General Mathematics: Lesson 1
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, you'll be
able to:

K: represent real-life situations using functions,

including piecewise;
S: evaluate and perform operations on
functions;
A: and
appreciate the use of functions to real-life
situations.
LET'S RECALL y

AND 12

10

ANALYZE!
Do you still remember how to fill in the
table of values based on a given graph?
8

4
Complete the table of values below.
2
x
x
2 4 6 8 10 12
y
 Guess What! y
12

10

Can you think of any similar things

8

which may have the input, process,

6

and output which may be called a This image is a visual representation of

function? function because they have an input,
process, and output.
2
Examples
 WHAT IS A
FUNCTION?
• It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x variable and
y variable where the first element x is not repeating.
• It is a set of ordered pairs of elements x and y
variables where the second element y is repeating, or
it is called many to one function.
• Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y it
is called one to one function.
• If every value of x corresponds two or more value of
y which is called relation not a function because
function has no element of x is repeating.

Note: All functions are relations but not all relations

are functions.
Functions as representations of real-life
situations
Identifying an appropriate function will lead to a better
understanding of various phenomena.
Example 1: Give a function C that can represent the
cost of buying x meals if one meal costs ₱40.

Solution: Since each meal cost ₱40, then the cost of

function is 𝐶(𝑥) = 40.
Functions as representations of real-life
situations
Identifying an appropriate function will lead to a better
understanding of various phenomena.
Example 2: One hundred meters of fencing is available
to enclose a rectangular area next to a river (see
illustration below). Give a function A that can represent
the area that can be enclose, in terms of x.
Functions as representations of real-life
situations
Solution: The area of a rectangular enclosure is 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦. Write this as
a function of 𝑥. Since only 100 m of fencing is available, then the
steps are as follows
A. Write the equation 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100
B. Find 𝑦?
C. Simplify the equation
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100
2𝑦 = 100 − 𝑥; {𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖 𝑡 𝑖 𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑡 ℎ𝑜𝑑}
𝑦 = 50 − .5
Since the equation A= xy, substitute the value of 𝑦 = 50 − .5𝑥 to A=xy
𝐴 = 𝑥(50 − .5𝑥); {𝑠𝑖 𝑚𝑝𝑙 𝑖 𝑓𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑖 𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖 𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑖 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑖 𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑦 𝑜𝑓
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑖 𝑡 𝑦}
; {𝑖 𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡 𝐴 𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡 𝑖 𝑜𝑛 𝐴(𝑥)}
WHAT IS A PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
A piece-wise function consists of a set of different intervals of x
with the value of y. Some situations can only be described by
more than one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable
A piecewise function is a function that is defined by two
or more equations where each equations applies to a
certain interval over a specified domain.
WHAT IS A PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Example 1: A jeepney ride cost ₱8 for the first 4km,
and each additional integer kilometer adds ₱1.50 to
the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in kilometer.

Solution: The input value is distance, and the output is

the cost of the jeepney fare. If 𝑓(𝑑) represents the far as
a function of distance, the function can be represented
as follows:
WHAT IS A PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
Example 2: A user charged P300 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charges P1
each. Represent the amount a customer pays each
month as a function of the number of messages m sent
in a month.
Solution: Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the
consumer each month. It can be expressed by the
piecewise function.
TRY THIS!
1. A videoke machine can be rented for ₱1000 for
three days, but for the fourth day onwards and
additional cost of ₱400 per day is added. Represent
the cost of renting a videoke machine as a piecewise
function.
2. The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is ₱700.
A guide can only take care of a maximum of 4 persons,
and additional guides can be hired as needed.
Represent the cost of hiring guides as a function of the
number of tourists who wish to explore the cave.
TRY THIS!
3. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food
for a party is ₱150 per head for 20 persons or less,
₱130 per head for 21 to 50 persons, and ₱110 per head
for 51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more persons, the
cost is at ₱100 per head. Represent the total cost as
piecewise function of
the number of attendees of the party.
4. A courier company charges ₱100 per package
weighing 2kg or less. They charge ₱15 for each
additional kilogram or fraction of a kilogram up to 5
kg. Write a piecewise function that gives the cost C for
shipping a package weighing k kilograms.
TRY THIS!

5. Elaine is paying ₱799 for an internet service with

3GB monthly data and a connection fee of ₱20 per
hour more than the data. Represent her monthly bill
as a function of connection time.
WHAT ARE A relation is a set of ordered pairs

RELATIONS? that represent a relationship.

Example:
Names and their age are a set
of ordered pairs that we could
put into a table.
Name Marga Jude Julia Casey

Age 9 12 11 11
Examples of Relations

What other
relations do you
know?
 WHAT IS A
FUNCTION?
Functions are a way of connecting input values to
their corresponding output values.

Example:
Ordering a coffee for Php 5

Pay Php 5, and you get 1 coffee.

Pay Php 10, and you'll get 2 coffees, and so
on.

The input affects the output in a predictable way.

GRAPHING A FUNCTION USING
THE TABLE OF VALUES Step 2:
y Plot the points.
Given the equation y = 2x.
4

Step 1: 3

2
Construct the table of values.
Do this by substituting values of x to y=2x. 1

x -1 0 1 2

x -1 0 1 2 -1

-2
y -2 0 2 4

Notice that for every value of x, there is only one value of y.

 TRY THIS!
Is this relation a function?

x -6 -3 2 7 9 9 10

y -18 -16 -15 -2 -4 11 -9

VERTICAL 5

LINE TEST
3

Use the vertical line test to -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

-
check whether a graph of a 1

relation is a function. -2

-3

If a vertical line, drawn anywhere on -4

the graph, can touch the graph only -5

once, then it is a function.

VERTICAL
5

LINE TEST 2

If a vertical line, drawn anywhere -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

-
on the graph, can touch the graph 1
more than once, then the relation is -2

not a function. -3

-4

-5
SUMMARY
A function is a special type of relation
where each input has only one output.

Graphing a function using the table

of values

Step 1: Construct the table of values.

Step 2: Plot the points on the coordinate plane.
CLOSET
COLORS!
Select 10 clothing items from your closet. Create a
mapping diagram to record the colors to each of
the clothing you have.

Then, find out if the information you collected

represents a function or not.
Share your findings with
the class next session.
REFERENCE
Mathspace. “6.0 Functions and relations | Grade 8
Math | Common Core 8 - 2023 Edition.” Accessed 12
June 2023,
https://mathspace.co/textbooks/syllabuses/Syllabus-
1157/topics/Topic-21908/subtopics/Subtopic-
279918/?searchString=
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LESSON
OUTCOMES
K: represent real-life situations using functions,
including piecewise;

S: evaluate and perform operations on

functions; and
A: appreciate the use of functions to real-life
situations.
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