Scribd
Upload
2 views

Week 10 Data Processing and Management

Uploaded by

teachermath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Week 10 Data Processing and Management

Uploaded by

teachermath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Data Processing and

Management
Data Management
• is a process by which information is acquired and processed to
ensure the accessibility and reliability of the data for its users. One
of the most important tools in processing and managing such
information is statistics. Statistics is utilized in most areas of
human endeavor. It is usually used in education, research,
business, agriculture, and other fields and even in everyday life
activities.
Statistics

Statistics is a science which deals with


the collection, organization, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of data so as
to give a more meaningful information.
Two Branches of statistics
Descriptive statistics refers to the
collection, organization,
summary, and presentation of data
while inferential statistics deals
with the interpretation and
analysis of data where conclusion
is drawn based from the subset of
the population.
Basic Terms
Some of the basic terminologies and notations involved in statistics are the following:
a. Population - a collection or set of things or objects under consideration
b. Sample - a subset or representative group of the population
c. Data - refers to the information gathered in a research
d. Array – listing of observations which are arranged in an increasing or decreasing
magnitude
e. Parameter - a value which is computed from a population
f. Statistic – a value which is computed from a sample
g. Variable – a characteristic of interest that has been observed or measured on every
member of the population or sample.
Classification of
Statistical Data
• Secondary data –
information obtained from
• Primary data – information published materials or data
gathered from respondents by gathered by other individuals
the researcher himself. or agencies. These are the
data which are transcribed
from original sources.
A variable may be quantitative or
qualitative where quantitative
variable is further classified as
discrete or continuous.
Quantitative/Numerical variable
– describes the amount or number of an element of a sample or
population
▪ Discrete – takes on a countable amount (it is usually expressed as
whole number)
Example: number of books owned by a student
▪ Continuous – measured in a continuous scale (it takes any value
within a range or interval)
Example: height of the students (in feet)
Qualitative/Categorical variable

– describes the quality, category, or character of an


element of a population or sample.
Examples: gender (male or female) hair color (black,
brown, blonde) level of satisfaction of a student on
his grade (highly satisfied, satisfied, not satisfied)
Levels of
Measurement
Nominal Measurement

- numbers or symbols are used to code or classify each


element in the population.

Note that the assigned numbers have no numerical


meaning.

Examples: gender, educational background,


employment status
Ordinal Measurement
– uses numerical category that expresses the meaningful order. There is no
indication of distance between positions. The numbers become meaningful
because they reveal whether one class or category is more or less than the
other. Categories are ranked according to the order of their value on the
property like first, second, third; oldest, next oldest, youngest.
Example: rank in the beauty contest
Interval
Measurement
– has equal intervals. There is
significance to the distance between
any two values. It tells us that one
unit differs by a certain amount of
the property from another unit. It
has no absolute zero.
Example: Aptitude test, temperature
Ratio
Measurement
– A variable measured at this
level not only includes the
concepts of order and interval,
but also includes the idea of
’nothingness’, or absolute zero.
Example: Measurement of
height, weight, ages
Remark: The scale of measurement depends
mainly on the method of measurements and not
on the property being measured.
For instance, the weight of a pack of milk
measured in kilograms has an interval scale but if
the boxes are labelled as one of small, medium or
large, the weight is measured in an ordinal scale.

You might also like