CONTEXT OF TEXT

DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT

CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE

CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT VIRTUE ● EXCELLENCE ● SERVICE

1113-1117 San Marcelino St. Paco, Manila, 1007 Philippines
Senior High School Department
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
Texts are always
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
developed with a
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
certain context.
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
 Physical
Inner
Context Symbolic
a setting in which
a text comes
Relational
into being Situational
Cultural
FIRST CONTEXT TEXT
OF DEVELOPMENT

Intertextuality
Intertextuality
Intertextuality
1
2
3
3
 “
“Any text is constructed of
a mosaic of quotations;
any text is the absorption
and transformation
of another.”
– Julia Kristeva
 ?
Therefore, is there
no such thing as
original text?
 “
“There's no such thing
as a wholly original
work of literature.”
– Thomas C. Foster
 !
In short, according to
Foster, there is just
one story.
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
Intertextuality, from
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
intertexto, means “to
INTERTEXTUALITY INTERTEXTUALITY
intermingle whileINTERTEXTUALITY
weaving.” INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
(Kristeva, 1960)
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITYIntertextuality is
INTERTEXTUALITY “an ongoing
INTERTEXTUALITY INTERTEXTUALITY
interaction between
INTERTEXTUALITY
and among stories.”
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
(Foster, n.d.)
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
Intertextuality
The Linguistic Big Bang

Intertextuality refers to the interdependent

ways in which texts stand in relation to one
another (as well as to the culture at large) to
produce meaning.
Intertextuality
The Linguistic Big Bang

It also refers to the connections between

language, images, characters, themes, or
subjects depending on their similarities in
language, genre or discourse.
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
It depends quite a bit
INTERTEXTUALITY
on the reader’s prior
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
knowledge and
INTERTEXTUALITY INTERTEXTUALITY
understanding beforeINTERTEXTUALITY
reading the secondaryINTERTEXTUALITY
text. INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
 OBLIGA OPTION ACCIDE
INTERTEXTUAL INTERTEXTUAL INTERTEXTUAL
TORY
ITY Types
when the writer
ITY of
AL NTAL
ITY
when the writer when the writer
deliberately
invokes a
comparison or
Intertextuality
pays homage to
the 'original'
writers, or to
has no intention of
making an
intertextual
association reward those who reference and it
between two have read the depends on the
(or more) texts previous text readers’ memory
Intertextual Figures
Intertextual Figures
Intertextual Figures
 Revision
This type of intertextuality
features a close relationship
between anterior and posterior
texts, wherein the latter takes

1 identity from the former, even

as it departs from it.
 Revision
Close example:
In the Brothers Grimm version, one of
Cinderella's evil stepsisters cuts off her toes,
and the other her heel so they can both fit

1
into the tiny glass slipper. The prince is
notified by little doves that there is blood on
the shoe, and finally discovers that the true
owner is Cinderella.
 Revision
Close example:
In the Brothers Grimm version, one of
Cinderella's evil stepsisters cuts off her toes,
and the other her heel so they can both fit

1
into the tiny glass slipper. The prince is
notified by little doves that there is blood on
the shoe, and finally discovers that the true
owner is Cinderella.
 Quotation
Quotation literally reproduces the
anterior text (whole or part) in a later
text. Quotations are also commonly
printed as a means of inspiration and

2 to invoke philosophical thoughts from

the reader.
 Quotation
Close example:
"Beam me up, Scotty" is
a catchphrase that made its way
into popular culture from

2
the science fiction
television series Star Trek.
 Translation
Translation transfers, 'carries
across', a text into a different
language, recreates
it anew. The later text explicitly

3 claims the identity of the original.

 Translation
Close example:
Books of larger publications are
reproduced with a number of
translations in order to cater to a

3
larger number of audience,
local or abroad.
 Translation
Close example:
Books of larger publications are
reproduced with a number of
translations in order to cater to a

3
larger number of audience,
local or abroad.
 Calque
A calque /kælk/ or loan translation is
a word or phrase borrowed from
another language by literal, word-for-
word or root-for-root translation.

4
 Calque
Close example:
"Calque" itself is a loanword from the
French noun calque ("tracing; imitation;
close copy"); the verb calquer means "to

4
trace; to copy, to imitate closely"; papier
calque is "tracing paper".
The word "loanword" is itself a calque of the
German word Lehnwort, just as "loan
translation" is a calque of Lehnübersetzung.
 Calque
Close example:
"I was surprised his nose was not growing
like Pinocchio's." This makes a reference to
The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by

4
Carlo Collodi when the little wooden puppet
lies. If this was obligatory intertextuality in a
text, multiple references to this would be
used.
 Allusion
Allusion is a passing or casual
reference; an incidental mention of
something, either directly or by
implication, that a writer uses in

5 another narrative without affecting

the storyline.
 Allusion
Close example:
"I was surprised his nose was not growing
like Pinocchio's." This makes a reference to
The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by

5
Carlo Collodi when the little wooden puppet
lies. If this was obligatory intertextuality in a
text, multiple references to this would be
used.
 Allusion
Close example:
"I was surprised his nose was not growing
like Pinocchio's." This makes a reference to
The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by

5
Carlo Collodi when the little wooden puppet
lies. If this was obligatory intertextuality in a
text, multiple references to this would be
used.
 Parody
A parody (spoof, take-off,
lampoon) is a work created to
imitate, make fun of, or comment
on an original work—its subject,

6 author, style, or some other target

—by means of satiric or ironic
imitation.
 Parody
Close example:
More recently, parodies have taken on whole
film genres at once. One of the first was the
Scary Movie franchise (2000), Shriek If You

6
Know What I Did Last Friday The
Thirteenth (2000), Johnny English (2003),
and Fifty Shades of Black (2016).
 Parody
Close example:
More recently, parodies have taken on whole
film genres at once. One of the first was the
Scary Movie franchise (2000), Shriek If You

6
Know What I Did Last Friday The
Thirteenth (2000), Johnny English (2003),
and Fifty Shades of Black (2016).
 Pastiche
A pastiche /pasteesh/ is a work of
visual art, literature, theatre, or
music that imitates the style or
character of the work of one or more

7 other artists. Unlike parody, pastiche

celebrates, rather than mocks, the
work it imitates.
 Pastiche
Close example:
Many stories featuring “Sherlock Holmes,”
originally penned by Arthur Conan Doyle,
have been written as pastiches since the

7
author's time. "Bohemian Rhapsody" by
Queen is unusual as it is a pastiche in both
senses of the word, as there are many distinct
styles imitated in the song.
 Pastiche
Close example:
Many stories featuring “Sherlock Holmes,”
originally penned by Arthur Conan Doyle,
have been written as pastiches since the

7
author's time. "Bohemian Rhapsody" by
Queen is unusual as it is a pastiche in both
senses of the word, as there are many distinct
styles imitated in the song.
 Meme
Meme, short for mimeme (to imitate),
is an idea or style that spreads from
person to person within a culture that
teach us about circulation and rhetoric

8 in different contexts – i.e. they help us

read or analyze our culture.
 Meme

8
 Meme

8
 Meme

8
 Meme

8
 Meme

8
 ?

=
Intertextuality

Plagiarism
 !

≠
Intertextuality

Plagiarism
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
As intertextuality, by definition,
INTERTEXTUALITY
involves the (sometimes)
INTERTEXTUALITY
purposeful use of other's work
INTERTEXTUALITY INTERTEXTUALITY
without proper citation, it is
INTERTEXTUALITY
often mistaken for plagiarism.
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
INTERTEXTUALITY
PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM the act of "using or
PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM closely imitating the
PLAGIARISMlanguage and thoughtsofPLAGIARISM
another author without PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM
authorization” PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM
PLAGIARISM
 ?
Then, what do you think is
the weakness of
intertextuality?
 !
Any text can be considered a
work of intertextuality because
it builds on the structures that
existed before it.
Intertextuality
The Linguistic Big Bang

They use a part of another text and change

its meaning by placing it in a different
context. This means that they are using
other's ideas to create or enhance their own
new ideas, not simply plagiarizing them.
Intertextuality
The Linguistic Big Bang

Intertextuality is based on the 'creation of

new ideas', while plagiarism is often found
in projects/programs/products based on
existing texts to confirm your ideas.
 ?
In conclusion, what is the
importance of learning
intertextuality?
 !
Intertextuality shows how
much a culture can influence its
authors, even as the authors in
turn influence the culture.
Intertextuality
Proofs in Films
Intertextuality
Proofs in Prints
Intertextuality
Proofs in Music
Intertextuality
Proofs in Advertising
 Choose a movie that
your group of five/six
Performance members will remake,
Task No. 2 having the nature of
That Show intertextuality.
Sounds Familiar Create a 2-page script
and present it in an at
most 10-minute skit.
 Criteria 25-21 20-16 15-10 9-0

The script had an The script had moments The script contained little
exceptional amount of The script had a good where valuable material to no valuable material;
valuable material and was amount of material and was present but as a fails to increase audience
extremely beneficial to benefited the class; whole content was understanding of
Content the class; raises audience lacking; raises audience knowledge of topic
significantly increases understanding and understanding and
audience understanding awareness of most points awareness of some points
and knowledge of topic

Adheres fully to the Adheres at some point to Adheres minimally to the Does not adhere to the
Relevance demands of the assigned the demands of the demands of the assigned demands of the assigned
task assigned task task task
Presenters were all very Presenters were Presenters were not Presenters were
confident in delivery and occasionally confident consistent with the level unconfident and
they did an excellent job with their presentation of confidence/ demonstrated little
of engaging the class. however the presentation preparedness they evidence of planning prior
Projection/Delivery Preparation is very was not as engaging as it showed the classroom but to presentation
evident. could have been for the had some strong
class. moments

All of the team members Team members Some of the members Team members work
contributed equally to the contributed to the contributed to the individually; don’t appear
Teamwork presentation presentation presentation to work like a team
 Choose only from
parody, pastiche, or
Performance meme, and create
Task No. 3 your own intertext of
any theme of your
#IntertextMoTo choice (except explicit
or implied obscenity
and profanity).
 Criteria 25-21 20-16 15-10 9-0
The work is a
The work is a true somewhat true The work is less likely a The work does not give
product of intertext product of intertext product of intertext something new in
Uniqueness and displays a great and displays a good and needs meaning and follows
and Delivery of Style delivery in delivery in improvement in the the typical delivery of
presentation. presentation. delivery of style. style.

Adheres fully to the Adheres at some point Adheres minimally to Does not adhere to the
demands and to the demands and the demands and demands and
Organization and organization of the organization of the organization of the organization of the
Promptness assigned task assigned task assigned task assigned task

Language use is proper Either language use Both language use and Little to no harmony is
and concise while the and elements of design elements of design observed in the work.
Language Use and elements of design are are the only ones in need improvement and
Elements of Design in perfect harmony. good development. lack in harmony.

The work shows an The work shows good The work needs The work lacks impact
outstanding impact. impact. improvement. and creativity.
Overall Impact
 SECOND TEXT
CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT

Hypertextuality
Hypertextuality
Hypertextuality
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Hypertextuality refers to any
HYPERTEXTUALITY
relationship uniting a text B
HYPERTEXTUALITY
(hypertext) to an earlier
HYPERTEXTUALITY HYPERTEXTUALITY
text A (hypotext), upon which it is
HYPERTEXTUALITY
grafted in a manner that is not
HYPERTEXTUALITY
that of commentary.
HYPERTEXTUALITY
(Genette, 1997)
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Hypertextuality is
HYPERTEXTUALITY
not a document or a file;
HYPERTEXTUALITY
it is a non-linear way
HYPERTEXTUALITY of
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
showing information.
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
 “
'Hypertext' is a recent coinage. 'Hyper-'
is used in the mathematical sense of
extension and generality (as in
'hyperspace,' 'hypercube') rather than
the medical sense of 'excessive'
('hyperactivity'). There is no
implication about size— a hypertext
could contain only 500 words or so.
'Hyper-' refers to structure and not size.
– Theodor “Ted” Nelson
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Hypertext is non-sequential
HYPERTEXTUALITY
writing, a branching text that
HYPERTEXTUALITY
allows the reader to make
HYPERTEXTUALITY HYPERTEXTUALITY
choices; it is something that can
HYPERTEXTUALITY
be best read in front ofHYPERTEXTUALITY
an
interactive screen. HYPERTEXTUALITY
(Nelson, 1965)
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Hypertextuality
Non-sequential Writing

Hypertext is a text displayed on a computer

display or other electronic devices with
references (hyperlinks) to other text that the
reader can immediately access.
Hypertextuality
Non-sequential Writing

By now the word "hypertext" has become

generally accepted for branching and responding
text, but the corresponding word "hypermedia",
meaning complexes of branching and responding
graphics, movies and sound – as well as text – is
much less used (Nelson, 1992).
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Hypertext is one of the
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITYkey underlying
HYPERTEXTUALITY HYPERTEXTUALITY
concepts of the World
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Wide Web. HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
Forms of Hypertext
Forms of Hypertext
Forms of Hypertext
 Axial
Axial hypertexts are the most simple
in structure. They are situated along
an axis like in a linear style. These
hypertexts have a straight path from

1 beginning to end and are fairly easy

for the reader to follow.
 Arborescent
Arborescent hypertexts have a branching
structure which resembles a tree. These
hypertexts have one beginning but many
possible endings. The ending that the

2 reader finishes on depends on their

decisions whilst reading the text.
 Layered
Layered hypertexts involve two
different layers of linked nodes.
Each node in the top layer is linked
sequentially to the next node in the top

3 layer, as well as to its corresponding

node in the bottom layer.
 Networked
In a networked hypertext, nodes
are connected by multiple links,
potentially overlapping links.
There is no particular starting

4 point, and no ending point.

HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
In reading with hypertext, you
HYPERTEXTUALITY
are given
HYPERTEXTUALITY more flexibility and
personalization because you get
HYPERTEXTUALITY
to select the order in which
HYPERTEXTUALITY you
HYPERTEXTUALITY
read the text and focusHYPERTEXTUALITY
on
HYPERTEXTUALITY
information relevant to your
HYPERTEXTUALITY
interest. HYPERTEXTUALITY
HYPERTEXTUALITY
 ?
In conclusion, what is the
importance of learning
hypertextuality?
 !
Humans learn better
associatively.