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Program 1

Program 1 ppt presentation of pcs 4th sem lab program scheme

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

K. R. Road, V. V. Puram, Bangalore – 560004


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
April-July-2024

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (BEC402)


2022 Scheme (NEP 2022)
TOPIC: Basic Signals and Signal Graphing (EXP:1) .

PRESENTED BY:
Name: ANNANYAA .N
USN:1BI22ET008 PRESENTED TO :
Dr. Rajeswari M
Prof. Jamuna M
Vision of the Department
Empower every student to be creative and productive in the field of
Telecommunication Engineering, by imparting excellent Technical Education and
inculcating Human Values
Mission of the department
M1. To make our Students acquaint with the Global requirements such as Problem
Solving Skills, Cultural Sensitivity, Ethical behaviour and Social Responsibility.
M2. To motivate our Students to pursue Higher Education and engage in continuous
upgradation of their Professional Skills.
M3. To encourage students to develop CoMmunication Skills, Professional Values and
Positive Attitude that in turn PRINCIPLES
20/05/24 Cycle-1
leads OF toCOMMUNICATION
fosteringSYSTEMS
Leadership
(BEC402)
Qualities. 2
CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION :
• unit Step
• Rectangular
• standard triangle
• sinusoidal
• Exponential signal.

20/05/24 Cycle-1 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (BEC402) 3


INTRODUCTION
A basic signal is a time-varying occurrence that conveys information and serves as a fundamental waveform
used to represent various types of phenomena

A signal graph is a visual representation of a signal that shows how the signal changes over time. It typically
plots the signal amplitude against time or another independent variable. Signal graphs are commonly used in
signal processing to analyze and interpret signals

20/05/24 Cycle-1 PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (BEC402) 4


The Unit Step Function
•Definition: The unit step function, 𝑢(𝑡)u(t), is defined as

That is, u is a function of time t, and u has value zero when time is negative (before we flip the switch); and
value one when time is positive (from when we flip the switch).
Application:
The unit step function is essential for modeling and analyzing systems that experience sudden changes, making it invaluable in
both theoretical and practical applications

5
Rectangular Pulse
•A common situation in a circuit is for a voltage to be applied at a particular time (say t = a) and removed later, at t =
b (say).
•We write such a situation using unit step functions as: 𝑉( 𝑡)= 𝑢( 𝑡− 𝑎)− 𝑢( 𝑡− 𝑏) V(t)=u(t−a)−u(t−b)
•This voltage has strength 11, duration (𝑏−𝑎)(b−a).

Application:
Rectangular signals are crucial in digital communications, pulse modulation, and signal processing. They enable precise
time-gating and sampling, allowing for accurate representation and analysis of signals within specified time intervals. Their
simplicity and clear time boundaries make them ideal for various applications in engineering, telecommunications, and
control systems.

6
Standard triangle signal
A Sinusoidal Signal Is A Smooth, Periodic Oscillation Described By A Sine Or Cosine Function. It Has A
Characteristic Wave-like Shape, Defined By Its Amplitude, Frequency, And Phase. The Mathematical
Representation Is \( X(t) = A \Sin(2\pi Ft + \Phi) \), Where \( A \) Is Amplitude, \( F \) Is Frequency, And \( \
Phi \) Is Phase.
Applications
Sinusoidal Signals Are Fundamental In:
- **Communications**: Carrier Waves In Radio, TV, And Cellular Transmissions.
- **Audio Engineering**: Pure Tones For Testing Audio Equipment.
- **Power Systems**: Representing Ac Voltage And Current.
- **Control Systems**: Modeling Oscillatory Behavior In Mechanical And Electrical Systems.
EXPONENTIAL SIGNAL
•An Exponential Signal Is A Mathematical Function That Grows Or Decays Exponentially Over Time.
Application:

Exponential Signals Are Crucial In Modeling Population Growth, Economic Trends, Radioactive Decay, And
Transient Responses In Electrical Circuits And Control Systems. They Find Applications In Finance,
Pharmacokinetics, Environmental Science, And Geophysics, Providing Insights Into Dynamic Processes
Across Various Fields Of Study And Industry Applications.
SINUSODIAL SIGNAL

A Sinusoidal Signal Is A Smooth, Periodic Oscillation Described By A Sine Or Cosine Function. It Has A
Characteristic Wave-like Shape, Defined By Its Amplitude, Frequency, And Phase. The Mathematical
Representation Is \( X(t) = A \Sin(2\pi Ft + \Phi) \), Where \( A \) Is Amplitude, \( F \) Is Frequency, And \( \
Phi \) Is Phase.
Applications
Sinusoidal Signals Are Fundamental In:
- **Communications**: Carrier Waves In Radio, TV, And Cellular Transmissions.
- **Audio Engineering**: Pure Tones For Testing Audio Equipment.
- **Power Systems**: Representing Ac Voltage And Current.
- **Control Systems**: Modeling Oscillatory Behavior In Mechanical And Electrical Systems.
Thank you!!

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