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Week 4 Functions

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32 views25 pages

Week 4 Functions

Uploaded by

taiwoothniel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Functions

By Allu Ayobami
What is a function?

A relation in which each x-coordinate is matched with only one y-coordinate is said to
describe y as a function of x.

A relation is a set of points in the plane.


Relations: these three points constitute a
relation.
Which of the following relations describe y as a function of x?
1. R1 = {(−2, 1),(1, 3),(1, 4),(3, −1)}
2. R2 = {(−2, 1),(1, 3),(2, 3),(3, −1)}

 For both R1 and R2, y is not a function of x.

Why?
 Remember, in order to say y is a function of x, we just need to ensure the same x-
coordinate isn’t used in more than one point.

 R1 reveals that the x-coordinate 1 is matched with two different y-coordinates.


 R2 contained two different points with the same y-coordinates, namely (1, 3) and (2, 3).
The Vertical Line Test: A set of points in the plane represents y as a
function of x if and only if no two points lie on the same vertical line.
Note… A function f is a relation that assigns a single element in the range to each element in the domain. In other
words, no x-values are repeated. All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions .

 A function is a relation in which each possible input value leads to exactly one output
value. We say “the output is a function of the input.” The input values make up the domain,
and the output values make up the range

Given a relationship between two quantities, determine whether the relationship is a function.
1. Identify the input values.
2. Identify the output values.
3. If each input value leads to only one output value, classify the relationship as a function. If
any input value leads to two or more outputs, do not classify the relationship as a function.
Determine which equations represent y as a
function of x
Suppose F is a relation which describes y as a
function of x.
 The set of the x-coordinates of the points in F is called the domain of F.
 The set of the y-coordinates of the points in F is called the range of F.
What is the domain of a function?

These are all the values that can go into a function without resulting in undefined values. i.e.,
The domain in math is the set of all possible inputs for the function.

Note
Inputting the values x = {1,2,3,4,...}, the domain is simply the set of natural numbers. But in
general (if the domain is not specified as natural numbers), f(x) = 2x is defined for all real
values of x and hence its domain is the set of all real numbers which is denoted by (-∞, ∞).
What is the range of a function?

This is a set of all its outputs.

Note
Let us consider the function f: A→ B, where f(x) = 2x and each of A and B = {set of
natural numbers}. Here we say A is the domain and B is the co-domain. Then the output of this
function becomes the range.
Rules for finding the domain
Rules for finding the range
Find the domain and range of the following
functions.
1. F = {(−3, 2),(0, 1),(4, 2),(5, 2)}
2. G is the function graphed below
F = {(−3, 2),(0, 1),(4, 2),(5, 2)}

The domain of F is the set of the x-coordinates of the points in F: {−3, 0, 4, 5} and the range of
F is the set of the y-coordinates: {1, 2}.
G is the function graphed below

 if we project the graph of G to the x-axis, we get all real numbers less than 1. Using
interval notation, we write the domain of G is (, 1).
 To determine the range of G, we project the curve to the y-axis. Note that even though
there is an open circle at (1, 3), we still include the y value of 3 in our range, since the
point (−1, 3) is on the graph of G. We see that the range of G is all real numbers less than
or equal to 4, or, in interval notation: (, 4].
Consider the relation {(0,7),(0,8),(1,7),(1,8),(1,9),(2,10)}{(0,7),(0,8),(1,7),(1,8),(1,9),
(2,10)} .

 What is the domain?


 What is the range?
 Is this a function?
Therefore….

 Remember we described a function as a special kind of relation – one in which each x


coordinate is matched with only one y-coordinate.
 If we think of the domain of a function as a set of inputs and the range as a set of outputs,
we can think of a function f as a process by which each input x is matched with only one
output y.
 Since the output is completely determined by the input x and the process , we symbolize
the output with function notation: ‘’, read ‘ of .’
 In this case, the parentheses here do not indicate multiplication, as they do elsewhere
in algebra.
 is the output which results by applying the process f to the input x.
A visualization of this relationship…
Note

 The value of y is completely dependent on the choice of . For this reason, is often called
the independent variable, or argument of , whereas y is often called the dependent variable.
For , find and simplify
Let Find and simplify expressions for the following functions, in addition, find the
domain of each of these functions.
Thank you…

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