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Basic Circuits

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7 views45 pages

Basic Circuits

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futurepilot2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic circuits

Ohm’s Law
I=V/R
I = Current (Amperes) (amps)

V = Voltage (Volts)

R = Resistance (ohms)

Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854)


How you should be
thinking about
electric circuits:

Voltage: a force that pushes the


current through the circuit (in this
picture it would be equivalent to
gravity)
How you should be
thinking about
electric circuits:

Resistance: friction that


impedes flow of current
through the circuit
(rocks in the river)
How you should be
thinking about
electric circuits:

Current: the actual


“substance” that is
flowing through the
wires of the circuit
(electrons!)
Would This Work?
Would This Work?
Would This Work?
The Central Concept: Closed Circuit
Electrical Circuit Symbols
Electrical circuits often contain one or more
resistors grouped together and attached to an
energy source, such as a battery.
The following symbols are often used:
Ground Battery Resistor
+ -

+ - + -
- + - + -
Simple Circuits
Series circuit
◦ All in a row
◦ 1 path for electricity
◦ 1 light goes out and the
circuit is broken

Parallel circuit
◦ Many paths for electricity
◦ 1 light goes out and the others
stay on
1

2
measuring current
Electric current is measured in amps (A) using

an ammeter connected in series in the circuit.

A
Resistances in Series
Resistors are said to be connected in series when there is a single path for the
current.

The current I is the same for each resistor R1, R2


and R3.

The energy gained through E is lost through R1, R2


and R3.

The same is true for voltages:

For
For series
series II == II11 == II22 == II33
connections:
connections: VVTT== VV11 ++ VV22 ++ VV33
Example 1: Find the equivalent resistance Re. What is
the current I in the circuit?
Re = R 1 + R 2 + R 3

Re = 3 W + 2 W + 1 W = 6 W

Equivalent RRee =
Equivalent = 66 W
W

The current is found from Ohm’s law: V = IRe

V 12 V
I  II =
= 22 AA
Re 6 
measuring voltage
The ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the current
is called the voltage. It is measured in volts (V) on a
voltmeter

V
The circuit is no longer complete, therefore current can not flow

The voltage decreases because the current is decreased

and the resistance increases.


The current remains the same. The total resistance drops in a
parallel circuit as more bulbs are added

The current increases.


Capacitors
Capacitors store electric energy when they are connected to a battery or some other charging circuit. They are commonly
placed in electronic components and are used to maintain a power supply while the device is unplugged and without a battery
for a short time. The energy within the capacitor prevents the loss of data, with an example being the RAM of a
computer.The capacitor contains two metallic plates that are separated by some form of insulation. The plates store the
energy until it is needed.There are different types of capacitors:Axial electrolyc: small, low voltage, general purpose
capacitorHigh voltage disk ceramic: small size with high toleranceHigh voltage electrolyc: used in power suppliesMetalized
polypropylene: small size, good for up to 2 microfaradMulti-layer: surface mount, high capacitanceThe capacitance refers to
the amount of storage capacity available. Capacitance is usually measured in the farad unit, which is the equivalent of one
coulomb per volt.
Capacitance is the amount of electric charge moved in the
condenser (Capacitor), when one volt power source is attached
across its terminal.
Mathematically,
Capacitance Equation:
C=Q/V
Where,
C=Capacitance in Farads (F)
Q=Electrical Charge in Coulombs
V=Voltage in Volts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx4_7lIjoBA
Inductors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFPwgjGHqFQ
Rectifiers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aI40OuAN8w8
Transformers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vh_aCAHThTQ

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