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Module 1 UCSP - 032204

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17 views25 pages

Module 1 UCSP - 032204

Uploaded by

sumalagrose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE,
SOCIETY AND
POLITICS
Manifestations of Human
variations through cultural
diversity, social differences
and political identities.
Social Science as a discipline
-studies the society and the manner in which
people behave and influence the world around us.
-The utmost goal of social science is to answer
different questions and find solutions to problems
of the society to improve the human condition
despite cultural, social and political differences.
The way we look at things and how we react
affect our relations to others. Everything we
do is influenced by our experiences. Different
certain conditions also contribute to how we
perceive them. People see things from their
standpoint.
Cultural Diversity and Cultural Relativism
-play an important part in our dealings with
humanity.
Cultural Diversity
-refers to the existence of a variety of cultures within
a region or society. On the other hand,
Cultural Relativism
- refers to a perspective which suggests that one’s
belief, values and norms should be understood in the
perspective of such individual.
A. Culture
– that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices,
values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge,
and everything that a person learns and shares as a member
of society (E.B. Tylor 1920)
✓ Material Culture –tangible, created by human person
✓ Non-material Culture – culture that is being learned or
observed by human
✓ Anthropology regards culture as the “acquired cognitive
and symbolic aspects of human existence” (Eriksen 2001)
✓ Material Culture –tools, weapons, ornaments, buildings,
books, clothing, arts, written records, religious images and
even machines.
✓ Non-material Culture – customs, traditions, habits,
manners, attitudes, beliefs, language, law, religion.

✓ Anthropology –systematic study of humanity, origins of


human
C. Social Differences
-which describes the relative social position of
persons in a given social group, category,
geographical region or other social unit.

- Situations where people are discriminated on


the basis of social, economic and racial
inequality. Giving preference over another.
D. Social Stratification
-a term used to refer to the large divide between the
lower and upper classes in the hierarchical structure
present in a society on the basis of wealth, status or
power.
-rankings of socioeconomic tiers.
-unequal access to resources, power and opportunities.

Age stratifications, gender, educational, economic status


and religious.
FOUR (4) Major Types of Stratification:
a.) Caste - hereditary endogamous social group in which a person’s
rank and his/her rights and obligations are ascribed or on the basis
of his/her birth into a particular group
b.) Class – a person’s position is based upon achievement
c.) Estate- gives emphasis to birth as well as wealth and
possessions
d.) Slavery – had economic basis wherein the master shows power
over a slave
e.) Political Identities – the characteristics of a political group
f.) Government – is the system by which a state or community is
controlled so as to put an order.
Areas of Social Science
a. Anthropology (culture)
b. Sociology (society)
c. Political Science (political
identities and government)
a. Anthropology
-is the holistic “science of man”, a science
of the totality of human existence.

Etymological Definition
• “Anthropos” (Greek) = “man”
• “logos” (Greek) = “study”
Two Broad Fields of Anthropology
a. Physical Anthropology
b. Cultural Anthropology
Physical Anthropology
-sometimes called biological anthropology is
mainly concerned about how humans
emerged and evolved through time (subfield:
Human Paleontology and Human Variation)
Cultural Anthropology
-is basically concerned with the differences of
cultures from time to time.
Subfield of cultural anthropology:
1.) Archeology – studies past cultures through tangible
or material remains
2.) Anthropological Linguistics – study of languages
where experts explain the differences of languages by
culture and how it is constructed
3.) Ethnology – study of recent or present cultures
b. Social Evolution
- It is characterized by a number of
morphological, developmental,
psychological, and behavioral changes
that have taken place since the split
between the common ancestor of
humans and apes.
c. Sociology
- the study of relationships among people. It
is the study of the society and the behavior
of people in the society.
- “Sociology” – coined by August Comte
(French Philosopher 1798-1857)
- From Latin word “socius” meaning group
or partners and the Greek word “logos”
meaning study.
d. Political Science – a discipline that deals with
systems of government and the analysis of political
activity and political behavior.
e. Social Science – disciplines that are focused on
the study of the behaviors of humans. Some
studies include Economics, Psychology,
Anthropology and Sociology.
f. Social Change – refers to the transformations in
social institutions.
In everything we do has political, social, and
cultural implications. So we relate culture,
society and politics in daily life simply by living
our lives. All of these academic disciplines are
based on the idea that the combination of
individual lives are what creates trends in
group behavior.
Sociology, anthropology and political science
are the disciplines that study politics,
sociology and culture. Each of these areas is
made up of the interactions of individuals.
The only way for an individual’s behavior to
not to relate to politics, culture and society is
for the individual to be alone permanently.
Science – The use of Transdisciplinary Approach
-The interplay of Anthropology, Sociology and Political
Science is the approach used in examining social issues
therefore the transdisciplinary approach to learning is
encouraged in the lessons. Transdisciplinary permits a
learning strategy that crosses many disciplinary
boundaries to create holistic approach to learning and
a better appreciation of the learning experience.
“Change is the only thing that does not
change. Change is impermanent.”
- Heraclitus
THE END!

MARAMING
SALAMAT
SA PAKIKINIG.

Inihanda ni:

CRISTINA A. CACCAM

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