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General Physics 1 - Lesson 1 - Units of Measurement

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61 views37 pages

General Physics 1 - Lesson 1 - Units of Measurement

Uploaded by

JC Nicolas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNITS &

MEASUREMENTS
ESSENTIAL
QUESTION
How do unit conversions, scientific
notation, and error analysis affect the
reliability and accuracy of scientific
measurements?
MOTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY

ESTIMATE &
CONQUER
OBJECTIVE
To introduce students to the
concept of estimation and
measurement accuracy in a quick
and engaging way.
INSTRUCTIONS
Each group will choose a visible
object in the classroom (e.g., a
whiteboard, a desk, or a door) and
announce the object to the class.
INSTRUCTIONS
Each group must quickly discuss and agree on
an estimate for the length, width, or height of
the chosen object. You can decide which
dimension to focus on.
INSTRUCTIONS
After a brief discussion (2-3 minutes), each
group must write down their estimate on a 1/4
piece of paper along with their Group #s and
submit it.
SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE

SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE

SAMPLE SAMPLE SAMPLE


P.Q.1. How did your
group approach the task
of estimating?
P.Q.2. What strategies
did you use to decide on
your estimate?
P.Q.3. How does
estimation help in real-
world scenarios where
precision is critical?
Length can be measured
in different units.
LESSON TARGET:
Solve measurement problems
involving unit conversion and
scientific notation
PHYSICAL
properties orQUANTITIES
aspects of a phenomenon, body, or
substance that can be quantified by measurement.

Examples : length, mass, time, temperature, electric


current, luminous intensity, and amount of substance.
UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT
are standards for expressing and comparing
the magnitude of physical quantities.
BASE UNITS
Base units are the fundamental units of
measurement defined for a set of physical
quantities. In the International System of
Units (SI), there are seven base units:
Length: meter Temperature:
(m) kelvin (K)
Mass: kilogram (kg)
Amount of
Time: second (s) substance: mole
(mol)
Electric current:
Luminous intensity: candela
ampere (A)
(cd)
DERIVED UNITS
Derived units are combinations of base units
used to measure other physical quantities.
Area: square meter Pressure: pascal (Pa),
(m²) where 1 Pa = 1 N/m²
Speed: meter per second
(m/s)
Energy: joule (J),
Force: newton (N),
where 1 J = 1
where 1 N = 1 kg·m/s²
N·m
Power: watt (W), where 1
W = 1 J/s
IMPERIAL AND US CUSTOMARY
UNITS:
use units like inches, feet, pounds, and
gallons. These systems are mainly used in
the United States and a few other countries.
METRIC SYSTEM
The metric system is a decimal-based
system of measurement used worldwide. It
is based on the SI units and uses prefixes to
indicate multiples or fractions of units:
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
“Significant” means important. They refer to the reliable digits in the
given number, which are sufficient to convey accurate information.
They also help us round off measurement values or the outcome of a
calculation.
RULES FOR SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
• All non-zero digits are significant.
• All zeros in between non-zero digits are significant.
• Zeros on the right of a decimal point and before (or to the left of) the
first non-zero digit are not significant. They only represent the
position of the decimal point.
RULES FOR SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
• Zeros on the right of a decimal point are significant, provided there is no
non-zero digit after them
• Zeros on the right of the last non-zero digit after a decimal point are
significant. So, final zeros or trailing zeros in the decimal part are
significant.
• In a measurement value, zeros that occur on the right of the last non-zero
digit are significant.
Examples:
Rounding off Significant Figures
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Scientific notation expresses numbers as a product of two factors: a
coefficient and a power of ten. The general form is:
a×10^n
where:
• a is the coefficient, a number greater than or equal to 1 and less than
10.
• 10^n is the power of ten, where n is an integer (positive, negative, or
zero).
STANDARD FORM TO SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Step 1: Move the decimal, or place a decimal, to create a number between
1 and 10. This will be the coefficient.
Step 2: Count the number of places you moved the decimal. This will be
the exponent. If you moved the decimal to the right, the exponent will be
negative. If you moved it to the left, the exponent will be positive.
Step 3: Write out the coefficient from step 1 multiplied by 10 raised to the
exponent from step 2.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION TO STANDARD FORM
Step 1: Identify the exponent in the power of 10.
Step 2: Move the decimal that many places to the
right if the exponent is positive and to the left if the
exponent is negative.
Step 3: Fill in any empty spaces with zeros.
CONVERSION FACTOR
A conversion factor is a number used to change one set of units to
another, by multiplying or dividing. When a conversion is
necessary, the appropriate conversion factor to an equal value must
be used. For example, to convert inches to feet, the appropriate
conversion value is 12 inches equal 1 foot.
Metric Conversion: Weight
1 Kilogram = 1000 Grams 1 Kg = 1000 g

1 Gram = 1000 Milligrams 1 g = 1000 mg

1 Pound = 0.456 Kilograms 1 lb = 0.456 kg

1 Metric Ton = 1000 Kilograms 1 Tonne = 1000 kg

1 Gigagram = 1000 Megagrams 1 Gg = 1000 Mg

1 decagram = 10 Grams 1 dag = 10 g


Metric Conversion: Weight
1 Kilogram = 1000 Grams 1 Kg = 1000 g

1 Gram = 1000 Milligrams 1 g = 1000 mg

1 Pound = 0.456 Kilograms 1 lb = 0.456 kg

1 Metric Ton = 1000 Kilograms 1 Tonne = 1000 kg

1 Gigagram = 1000 Megagrams 1 Gg = 1000 Mg

1 decagram = 10 Grams 1 dag = 10 g


Metric Conversion: Temperature
1 Celsius = 274.15 Kelvin 1 C = 274.15 K

1 Celsius = 33.8 Fahrenheit 1 C = 33.8 F

1 Kelvin = -2.72.15 Celsius 1 K = -2.72.15 C

1 Kelvin = -457.87 Fahrenheit 1 = -457.87 F

1 Fahrenheit = -17.22 Celsius 1 F = -17.22 C

1 Fahrenheit = 255.93 Kelvin 1 F = 255.93 K


Metric Conversion: Time
1 hour = 60 minutes 1 hr = 60 min

1 minute = 60 seconds 1 min = 60 s

1 hour = 3600 seconds 1 hr = 3600 s

1 day = 24 hours 1 day = 24 hrs

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