Activity. Stop the Bleeding! Answer the following.

1. When was the last time you got a wound?

2. What did you do to stop it from bleeding?
3. What did you do to speed up its healing?

Let's Process! Share your steps with the class.

Reflect on the following questions:
4. What will happen if first aid is not applied on the
wounds?
5. How does first aid help in healing of the
wounds?
WOUND DRESSING
-A dressing is a sterile pad applied
directly on a wound to protect it from
infection.
-A wound is an injury characterized by a
cut or a break on the skin.
Five different types of wounds.
a. Incision - a cut on the skin caused by
a slice of a sharp object such as a knife,
broken glass, or scissors
b. Laceration - a wound caused by a cut
that tears the skin open. It may be deep
or shallow.
c. Abrasion - caused by scraping or
rubbing of the skin. A type of wound
usually acquired when the skin scratches a
rough surface
d. Contusion - also called a bruise, this is
a closed wound because the skin is not
broken, caused by a trauma from a sudden
blow, tissues inside the skin are damaged,
causing discoloration
e. Puncture - acquired when a sharp
object enters the skin; small wound that
does not bleed a lot; prone to infection
because the pathogens in the object may
enter the body
 BASIC FIRST AID
Minor wounds may be given first aid. Below are the
steps in applying immediate care to a minor wound.
1.Wash the wound with clean water and soap.
2. Put the wound under running water to help stop
bleeding.
3.Dry the wound with a clean towel.
4.Apply povidine-iodine to disinfect the wound. Do
not apply alcohol because it may cause further
irritation.
BASIC FIRST AID
5. Put dressing on the wound. Follow the procedure
below.
• Place the dressing directly over the wound.
• Use enough amount of dressing. Make sure the
dressing extends up to one inch beyond the edges of
the wound.
• Be certain that the dressing is non-sticky, and secure it
with a bandage. You will learn about bandaging
techniques in the latter part of this lesson.
6. Replace the dressing regularly.
BANDAGING
A bandage is any piece of cloth used to hold a dressing in
place. It may also be used to support a body part with a
musculoskeletal injury. Often, bandages are triangular in
shape. There are principles of bandaging that must be
followed. These are represented by the acronym CANS.
Careful handling- The first aider must consider the
victim's situation. Bandaging may cause further pain or
injury to the victim. It is important to be careful when
administering the bandaging procedure.
BANDAGING
Accuracy- There are different bandaging
techniques for different types of injuries. Using a
wrong technique may cause pain or further injury to
the victim.
Neatness- If bandaging is neatly done, it may
provide the victim comfort and protection.
Speed- Bandages provide support and protection.
The faster the ad-ministration, the lesser the risk of
pain or further injury.
BANDAGING
TECHNIQUES
A. FOR THE HEAD
1. Fold the base by at least
two to three inches.
2. Place the folded base on
the eyebrows.
3. Pull the bandage back and
cross both ends. Tuck the
apex inside the ends.
4. Make a square knot at the
center of the folded base.
5. Pull down apex and tuck
neatly inside the bandage.
B. FOR THE FOREHEAD
Make a cravat by continuously folding the base of the bandage until you
reach the apex. Make sure that the fold is two to three inches thick
1. Place the center of the cravat on top of the dressing of the wound
2. Cross both ends and wrap around the forehead.
3. Make a square knot when both ends reach the starting point.
 C. FOR THE EAR, CHEEK, AND JAW
1. Make a cravat.
2. Place the center of the cravat on top of the dressing of the wound on
the cheek.
3. Cross end over the other. Put one end over the head and the other on
the chin.
4. Bring the two ends back at the starting point and make a square knot.
D. FOR THE HAND
1. Place the injured hand in the middle of the triangular bandage.
2. Pull the apex over the fingers.
3. Cross the two ends and wrap them around the wrist.
4. Make a square knot.
E. FOR THE ARM
1. Fold the base to at least two to three inches.
2. Clip the apex on the underarm of the injured arm.
3. Place the injured arm over the bandage.
4. Pull up the lower end of the bandage to make an arm sling.
5. Make a square knot at the nape.
6. Hide the apex on the elbow.
F. FOR THE SPRAINED ANKLE
1. Use a rolled bandage rather than a triangular one. A sprained ankle
needs more bandage.
2. Roll the bandage on top of the foot. Make around three to four rolls.
3. Cross the bandage on the ankle and back on top of the foot.
Continue until you reach the other end.
4. Clip the end of the bandage on the ankle.
TRANSPORTING
TECHNIQUES
TRANSPORTING TECHNIQUES
Some injuries immobilize the victim. This means
that the person is restricted to limited movement.
Transporting refers to the moving of the victim from
one place to another. It is usually done after
applying first aid. Transporting may be done by one
person, pair, or group. The following are some
examples of transporting techniques. One-man
carry
ONE- MAN CARRY
A. ANKLE DRAG
Ankle drag may be used if the person has
no injuries on the legs or feet.
1. Make sure the victim is lying flat on the
ground. Place the victim's legs together.
2. Position yourself at the feet of the victim
for ankle drag.
3. Bend your knees while keeping your
back straight.
4. Lift both ankles of the victim and drag
him or her.
5. Make sure to pass through smooth
surfaces to avoid further injury to the
victim.
B. SHOULDER DRAG
Shoulder drag may be used if there are no
injuries in the head, arms, or spine.
1. Follow step 1 of Ankle Drag.
2. Position yourself at the head of the
victim.
3. Bend your knees while keeping your
back straight.
4. Firmly grasp the clothing behind the
shoulders and drag the victim to the
desired direction.
5. If victim is shirtless, roll a towel or long
cloth, put it over the chest and pull the
ends from under the armpits.
6. Make sure to support the head with your
arms.
C. BLANKET PULL
This technique may be used if a blanket or a large piece of cloth is available in the
injury scene. It is also used if the person is conscious and may move from side to side.
1. Place the blanket under the person by asking him or her to move from side to side.
2. Position yourself on the head part of the victim.
3. Bend your knees while keeping your back straight.
4. Pull both ends of the blanket and drag the victim.
5. Make sure to pass through smooth surfaces to avoid further injury to the victim.
D. PACK STRAP CARRY
This technique may be used if the
victim can move and stand with
assistance.
1. Start in sitting position.
2. Squat in front of the sitting
person.
3. Put both of the victim's arms
on your shoulders.
4. Cross the arms of the victim.
5. Hold the victim's hands with
your one arm.
6. Lift and stand carefully.
ONE- MAN CARRY
A. TWO- HANDED SEAT
This technique is best when carrying
an unconscious victim for medium to
long distances.
1. Face each other and squat down
on either side of the victim.
2. Reach under the victim's arms
with one hand and under the
knees with the other.
3. Tightly grip the other rescuer's
wrists.
4. Carry the victim and walk in the
direction he or she is facing.
B. FOUR-HANDED CARRY
This technique can be used to carry
for moderate distances a victim who
is conscious and alert.
1. Face each other.
2. Make a square-shaped seat
using your arms by using both
hands to hold each other's wrists.
3. Let the victim sit on the square
seat.
4. Make sure the victim is securely
in place before standing up using
your legs, making sure that your
back is straight.
C. CHAIR CARRY
This method is ideal for carrying
a victim up or down a staircase
and should only be undertaken if
a strong, sturdy chair is
available.
1. Sit the victim on a chair.
2. One of the pair will carry the
two front legs of the chair
while the other is at the back,
carrying the back.
THREE MAN CARRY
A. TWO- HANDED SEAT
This is called the "bearers alongside"
technique.
1. Rescuers position on either side of
the victim. Strongest rescuer stays
on one side alone.
2. Reach under the victim's body and
clasps with the rescuers on the
other side.
3. One rescuer's free hand protects the
head while the other rescuer's free
hand protects the legs of the victim.
4. Once victim is secure rescuers lift
the victim on leader's cue.