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    Lesson 2 Soil Conservaion and Management - 045100

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    Lesson 2 Soil Conservaion and Management - 045100

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    mnyanduandisa19
    1 views8 pages

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    Lesson 2 Soil Conservaion and Management_045100

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    1 views8 pages

    Lesson 2 Soil Conservaion and Management - 045100

    Uploaded by

    mnyanduandisa19

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Soil Conservation and Management

    1
    What is Soil Degradation?
    • It is the loss of soil quality and
    productivity
    • It is the loss of soil fertility
    • It is caused by poor agricultural activities
    • Soil degradation is a threat to food
    security
    • It threatens agricultural productivity
    2
    Types and Processes of Soil Degradation
    There are three broad types of soil degradation:
    • Physical degradation – soil erosion, water-
    logging, soil crusting and soil compaction
    • Chemical degradation – salination,
    acidification, nutrient imbalance and nutrient
    loss
    • Biological degradation – loss of soil organisms

    3
    Physical Soil Degradation
    Problem Causes Adverse effects Control measures
    Soil erosion • Overgrazing - Loss of soil quality - Rotational grazing
    • Monocropping - Water pollution - Zero cultivation
    Water-logging • Poor soil drainage - Soil organisms die - Avoid over-
    • Incorrect irrigation - Plant roots die irrigation
    - Install drainage
    systems
    Soil crusting • Irrigation in dry - Water runoff - Soil mulching
    areas with high increases - Avoid irrigating at
    evaporation - Poor crop growth hottest times
    Soil compaction • Heavy use of - Increased water - Avoid tilling wet
    machinery runoff soils
    • Wrong cultivation - Poor plant growth
    methods

    4
    Chemical Soil Degradation
    Problem Causes Adverse effects Control measures
    Salination Irrigation Salt reduces plant growth - Practice good
    irrigation
    - Improve drainage
    Acidification Chemicals like - Plant nutrients decrease - Add lime to soil
    fertilisers - Soil organism balance - Do not over-fertilise
    affected
    Nutrient Over-fertilising Fertilisers kill plants and roots - Test soil before
    imbalance adding fertiliser
    - Fertilise carefully
    Nutrient loss Loss of top soil by Poor plat growth - Avoid over-
    erosion cultivation
    - Do not over-irrigate

    5
    Biological Soil Degradation
    • Biological degradation takes place when
    the biodiversity of soil
    • Biodiversity is the variety of living
    organisms
    Problem Causes Adverse effects Control measures
    Loss of soil Not enough -Poor soil water- -Apply compost
    organisms organic matter holding capacity -Reduce tillage
    added to the soil -Soil structure is -Use pesticides
    destroyed carefully

    6
    Impact of Soil Degradation on Agricultural Productivity

    • Soil degradation leads to decreased


    yields
    • Food security for the country is
    jeopardised
    • Dams and rivers are damaged
    • Soil degradation is expensive to correct

    7
    Thank you

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