Chapter 11 Energy Methods Class Examples

SWK 210
Strength of Materials
2023 Academic Year

Chapter 11
Energy Methods
2
11. Energy Methods
11.1 Strain Energy
A prismatic bar AD of length L, cross-sectional area A, and modulus of elasticity E is
subjected to loads 5P, 3P, and P acting at points B, C, and D, respectively (see
figure). Segments AB, BC, and CD have lengths L/6, L/2, and L/3, respectively.
(a) Obtain a formula for the strain energy U of the bar.

(b) Calculate the strain energy if P = 27 kN, L = 130 cm, A = 18 cm2, and the
material is aluminium with 72 GPa.
11. Energy Methods
11.2 Elastic Strain Energy
Strain Energy in Bending
A propped cantilever beam AB of length L, and

with guided support at A, supports a uniform load
of intensity q (see figure).
(a) Evaluate the strain energy of the beam from
the bending moment in the beam.
(b) Evaluate the strain energy of the beam from
the equation of the deflection curve.
11. Energy Methods
Strain energy in torsion and pure shear
A solid circular bar of steel (G = 80 GPa) with length L = 1.5 m and
diameter d = 75 mm is subjected to pure torsion by torques T acting at the
ends (see figure).
(a) Calculate the amount of strain energy U stored in the bar when the
maximum shear stress is 45 MPa.
(b) From the strain energy, calculate the angle of twist (in degrees).
11. Energy Methods
Strain Energy
A hollow circular tube A fits over the end of a solid
circular bar B, as shown in the figure. The far ends
of both bars are fixed. Initially, a hole through bar B
makes an angle b with a line through two holes in
tube A. Then bar B is twisted until the holes are
aligned, and a pin is placed through the holes.
(a) When bar B is released and the system returns
to equilibrium, what is the total strain energy U
of the two bars? (Let IPA and IPB represent the
polar moments of inertia of bars A and B,
respectively. The length L and shear modulus of
elasticity G are the same for both bars.)
11. Energy Methods
Hooke’s Law for Plane Stress
11. Energy Methods
Impact Loading
A 2 m long alloy bar of 1500 mm2 cross-sectional area hangs vertically and
has a collar securely fixed at its lower end.
Find the stress induced in the bar, when a weight of 2 kN falls from a height
of 100 mm on the collar. Take E = 120 GPa. Also find the strain energy stored
in the bar.
11. Energy Methods
Impact Loading
A 2 m long alloy bar of 1500 mm2 cross-sectional area hangs vertically and
has a collar securely fixed at its lower end.
Find the stress induced in the bar, when a weight of 2 kN falls from a height
of 100 mm on the collar. Take E = 120 GPa. Also find the strain energy stored
in the bar.
11. Energy Methods
Impact Loading
A steel bar 3 m long and 2500 mm2 in area hangs vertically, which is securely
fixed on a collar at its lower end. If a weight of 15 kN falls on the collar from a
height of 10 mm,
Determine the stress developed in the bar. What will be the strain energy
stored in the bar? Take E as 200 GPa.
11. Energy Methods
Impact Loading
A steel bar 3 m long and 2500 mm2 in area hangs vertically, which is securely
fixed on a collar at its lower end. If a weight of 15 kN falls on the collar from a
height of 10 mm,
Determine the stress developed in the bar. What will be the strain energy
stored in the bar? Take E as 200 GPa.
11. Energy Methods
Impact Loading
The aluminum pipe shown in Figure below is used to support a load of 600 kN.
Determine the maximum displacement at the top of the pipe if the load is
(a) applied gradually, and
(b) applied by suddenly releasing it from the top of the pipe when h = 0.
Take Eal = 70 GPa and assume that the aluminum behaves linear-elastically.
  h 
 m a x   st 1  1  2    , h  0
   st  
 m a x  2 st  1.1906 m m
11. Energy Methods
Strain Energy
A bungee jumper having a mass of 55 kg leaps
from a bridge, braking her fall with a long
elastic shock cord having axial rigidity EA = 2.3
kN (see figure).
(a) If the jump-off point is 60 m above the
water, and if it is desired to maintain a
clearance of 10 m between the jumper and
the water, what length L of cord should be
used?
11. Energy Methods
Strain Energy
A bumper for a mine car is constructed with a
spring of stiffness k = 176 kN/m (see figure).
(a) If a car weighing 14 kN is traveling at velocity
n = 8 km/h when it strikes the spring, what is
the maximum shortening of the spring?

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SWK 210

2023 Academic Year

(a) Obtain a formula for the strain energy U of the bar.

A propped cantilever beam AB of length L, and

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