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    Sub-Rcc Structures Name-Ashish Verma Asst Professor Civil Eng Department

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    Sub-Rcc Structures Name-Ashish Verma Asst Professor Civil Eng Department

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    Sub-Rcc Structures Name-Ashish Verma Asst Professor Civil Eng Department

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SUB-RCC STRUCTURES

    NAME-ASHISH VERMA
    ASST PROFESSOR CIVIL ENG DEPARTMENT
    1.1 CONCRETE, REINFORCED CONCRETE, PRESTRESSED
    CONCRETE.

    Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand and aggregate,


    which are bound chemically by the addition of water.

    Concrete can be given any shape, with any practical


    dimensions, without any joints.
    Concrete has a very good compressive strength,
    concrete -like stone- is a weak material as far as
    tensile forces are concerned. Since the flexural and
    shear resistance of a material is directly related to its
    tensile strength; concrete is not a suitable material for
    the loading conditions that generate flexure and
    shear.

    Weakness of concrete in tension can be overcome by


    reinforcing it with steel bars in the tensile regions.
    Steel bars placed in their positions before the
    concrete is poured can have a very good bond
    with concrete, both mechanically and chemically
    after the hardening of concrete.
    This means that the reinforcing bars become an
    integral part of the material. This new
    combination of two materials is called “
    Reinforced Concrete ”.
    Because of the bond the deformation of both
    concrete and steel i.e. strains and in surrounding
    concrete are the same. What’s more, the
    coefficients of thermal expansion and contraction
    of steel and concrete are luckily the same.
    Concrete cracks even under the normal loads. The
    cracks may be invisible, hence the term “ hairline
    cracks”.
    SECTION A-A
    P1 P2
    A

    n.a

    Reinforcement

    FIG. 1.1
    Fig.1.1 shows a reinforced concrete beam under the action of bending
    moments.
    One important result of the cracking is that, the
    tensile zone of the beam can no more contribute
    to the resistance of the beam. This part of the
    beam is there simply ignored during the design
    process. Resisting forces in a beam section after
    the cracking is shown in Fig.1.2.

    FIG. 1.2
    On the other hand, if a beam is compressed
    before any lateral exterior load is applied,
    superposition of flexure stresses and initial
    compressive stresses will yield either totally
    compressive stress on the whole concrete section
    or very small tensile stress at a small area. These
    are shown in Fig. 1.3.
    comp. comp. comp.
    Mex
    Nin = or
    +

    initial Bending Tension


    compression stresses

    FIG. 1.3
    The initial compression applied to the beam should
    be fixed in a way that it would last through the life
    span of the beam.
    This process is called “pre-stressed concrete” and
    during the pre-stressing process, steel wires or strands
    are used.
    1.2. HISTORY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
    First known reinforced concrete product is not a
    building but a boat, which was demonstrated in
    1855 Paris World Exhibition. Later, reinforced
    concrete was used for manufacturing flowerpots.

    In 1855 Fraucois Coiguet used reinforced concrete


    for the first time in a building.

    In 1861 Coiguet wrote a book and explained the


    use of the reinforced concrete.
    In 1861 Coiguet wrote a book and explained the use of
    the reinforced concrete.

    First theory of reinforced concrete was published in


    1886 by Koennen.

    Hennebique explained the monolithic behavior of the


    reinforced concrete in 1892 and he exhibited his
    works in 1900 Paris World Exhibition.

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