LECTURE 4: CLOUD COMPUTING

CONCEPTS
 INTRODUCTION
 Cloud Computing is defined as the technology that manages, store, access and processes
data online via the Internet.
- In cloud computing the data are not stored on your personal computer. Hence, it permits
on-demand network access to shared computing resources.

 It is the on-demand availability of computer services like servers, data storage,

networking, databases, etc.

 It allows user to create, configure, and customize applications online.

 The main purpose of cloud computing is to give many users access to the data centers.
CLOUD COMPUTING
 WHY THE NAME CLOUD?
 The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.
 In other words, we can say that cloud is
something, which is present at remote location.
- The term “Cloud” came from a network design
that was used by network engineers to represent
the location of various network devices and their
inter-connection.
- The shape of this network design was like a
cloud.
 WHY CLOUD COMPUTING?
 We all have experienced cloud computing at some moment of time, some of the popular
cloud services we have used and we are still using.
- Some of the cloud computing services are mail services like Gmail, Hotmail or Yahoo etc.
- Whenever accessing e-mail service your data is stored on cloud server and not on our computer.

 With the massive increase in computer and mobile user’s, data storage has become a
priority in all fields.

 The success of large and small scale businesses depend mainly on their data (in planning,
decision making, budgeting etc..), and so they spend a huge amount of money to maintain
the data.
- It requires a strong IT support system and a storage hub to achieve it.
- Not all businesses can afford high cost of in-house IT infrastructure and back up support services.
- The best solution for them is to use Cloud Computing.
 WHY CLOUD COMPUTING?
 Cloud computing complement small business effectively having limited resources, it
gives small businesses access to the technologies that previously were out of their reach.

 Cloud computing decreases the hardware and software demand from the user’s side.
- The only thing that user must be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface software, which can
be as simple as web browser application and the cloud network takes care of the rest.
 In an in-house IT server, you have to pay a lot of attention and ensure that there are no
faults into the system so that it runs smoothly.
- In case of any technical glitch you are completely responsible, it will seek a lot of attention, time and
money for repair.
- Whereas, in cloud computing, the service provider takes the complete responsibility of the complication
and the technical faults.
- Certainly, its efficiency in storing data, computation and less maintenance cost has succeeded to attract
even bigger businesses as well.
ON-PREMISES VS CLOUD COMPUTING
On-premises Cloud Computing
Scalability: you pay more for this set-up and get Allow you to pay for only how much you use with
lesser options too. much easier and faster provisions for scaling up or
-Once you scale up, it is difficult to scale down. down.
And often leads into heavy losses in terms of
infrastructure and maintenance cost.

Server storage: Requires a lot of space for the Offered by the cloud service providers who
servers. manages and maintain the servers. Saving you both
money and space.
Data security: Less data security. Offers much better security.
Data loss: On the events of data loss, the chances of Have robust disaster recovery measures to ensure
data recovery are very minimal. faster and easier data recovery.
Maintenance: Requires additional teams for Maintenance are handled by the cloud service
hardware and software maintenance hence cost. provider reducing you the cost and resource
allocation substantially.
 BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 The potential for cost saving is the major reason of cloud services adoption by many organizations.
- Lower IT infrastructure and computer costs for users- hence very low investment cost
- Improved performance
- Fewer maintenance issues- many issues are taken care by the cloud computing
providers
- Instant software updates- updates are downloaded automatically
- Improved compatibility between operating systems
- Backup and recovery- automatically backup and restore service
- They are scalable, as we can pay for the amount of storage required. Hence flexible to
either scale up or down.
- Increased storage capacity- more storage space offered with very low cost
- Increase data security
 ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Lower cost computer for users: In cloud, you don’t require a high-powered (and
accordingly high-priced) computer to run cloud computing’s web based applications
because applications run on cloud not on desktop PC or laptop.

 Lower IT infrastructure cost: By using cloud computing, you need not to invest in
larger numbers of more powerful servers, you also need not to require the IT staff for
handling such powerful servers.

 Fewer maintenance cost: The maintenance cost in cloud computing greatly reduces
both hardware and software maintenance for organization of all sizes.
 ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Lower software cost: It reduces the software cost because you don’t need to purchase
separate software packages for each computer in the organization.

 Instant software updates: Users don’t need to face with the choice between obsolete
software and high upgrade costs. If the app is web-based, updated happen automatically
and are available next time when the user logs in.

 Increased computing power: The execution capacity of cloud servers are very high. It
processes the application very fast.

 Unlimited storage capacity: cloud offers you a huge amount of storage capacity like
2000GB or more than that if required.
 ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Cost effective- It helps you to save substantial capital cost as it does not need any
physical hardware investments.

 Strategic edge- It helps you to access the latest applications any time without spending
your time and money on installations.

 High Speed- Cloud computing allows you to access the service quickly in fewer clicks.

 Mobility- the cloud services are accessed anywhere regardless of geographical location.

 Back-up and restore data- Once the data is stored in a Cloud, it is easier to get the back-
up and recovered.
 DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Requires a constant Internet connection: No internet connection cloud computing is
impossible.
 Stored data might not be secured: As cloud computing is very secure but still it requires
proper security implementation. Neglecting this can lead to the fact that data will become
vulnerable to the hackers and threats.
 Performance variation: due to the shared resources by many users the performance may
vary sometimes.
 Limited bandwidth: Cloud provider provides limited bandwidth to all its users, you have
to pay significantly higher costs if your organization surpasses the limit.
 Limited control and flexibility: The cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed,
and monitored by the cloud providers. So businesses have limited control over their data,
applications and services.
 DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
 Technical Issues- Cloud technology is always prone to an outage and other technical
issues

 Security Threat in the Cloud- Another drawback while working with cloud computing
services is security risk.

• Downtime- Downtime should also be considered and expected while working with cloud
computing.

• Lacks of Support- Cloud Computing companies sometimes fail to provide proper and on
time support to the customers.
BASIC CONCEPTS
 There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud
computing feasible and accessible to end users.

 The following are the working models for cloud computing:

o Deployment Models
o Service Models
 DEPLOYMENT MODELS
 Deployment models define the type of access to the cloud, such as how the cloud is
located? A cloud deployment model represents a specific type of cloud environment,
primarily distinguished by ownership, size, and access.

 Cloud can have any of the four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid and Community.

 Deciding which deployment model you will go with is one of the most important cloud
deployment decisions you will make.

 Each cloud deployment model satisfies different organizational needs, so it’s important
that you choose a model that will satisfy the needs of your organization.
TYPES OF CLOUDS
1. PUBLIC CLOUD
 The Public Cloud: cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public over the internet and is owned by
a cloud provider.
 Public cloud may be less secure because of its openness, e.g., file sharing through e-mail services.

 Less cost since user pay for the resources that he/she uses. Less usage implies less cost and vice verse for the

high usage.
 Examples of public services are Facebook, Google, and LinkedIn.

 Advantages:

- Low cost: No need to purchase hardware or software and you pay only

for the service you use.

- No maintenance: The cloud provider is responsible for the maintenance of the hardware, software,

and networks in the cloud.

- Can be accessed from anywhere.

- High scalable

 Disadvantages:

- Less customizable: we can not modify the cloud services per the organization’s requirement.

- Less secure because it is available on the public network and anybody can access.
TYPES OF CLOUDS
2. PRIVATE CLOUD
 The Private Cloud means using a cloud infrastructure only by one customer/organization, and it is not shared
with others. So it is also known as Corporate cloud or Internal cloud.
 Internal cloud means that it allows the accessibility of systems and services within a specific boundary or

organization.
 Private clouds permits only authorized users, providing the organization greater control over data and its security.

i.e. it offers increased security because of its private nature.

- A Private Cloud is therefore most suited for sensitive data, where the customer is dependent on a certain degree

of security.
 Private clouds are more expensive than public clouds due to the capital expenditure involved in acquiring and

maintaining them.
 Examples include: Amazon VPC, Dell, HPE, VMware, and IBM.
TYPES OF CLOUDS
 Advantages
- Highly secured only authorized users can access.
- More control over their resources and hardware than public clouds.
- Improved performance: Private cloud offers better performance with improved speed and space capacity.
 Disdvantages
- It is costly as compared to the public cloud.
- Restricted area of operations: Private cloud is accessible within the organization, so the area of operation is
limited.
- Skilled people are required to manage and operate the cloud services.

3. HYBRID CLOUD
 In a hybrid cloud, an organization makes use of both private and public cloud infrastructure based on the purpose
and requirements. Benefit of this type is that the critical and sensitive tasks such as organization data handling are
done using private cloud while the non-critical tasks such as development and test workloads can be done using
public cloud.
 Benefits of both deployment models as well as the community deployment model are possible in a hybrid cloud

hosting.
  Many organizations make use of this model when they need to scale up their IT infrastructure rapidly, such as when
leveraging public clouds to supplement the capacity available within a private cloud.
 For example, if an online retailer needs more computing resources to

run its Web applications during the holiday season it may attain those
resources via public clouds.

4. COMMUNITY CLOUD
 This deployment model is similar to the private cloud; the only difference is– it allows access to only a specific set
of users who share common objectives to address the specific needs of a community, industry, or business. Access
to a community cloud environment is typically restricted to the members of the community
 In private cloud only one company owns the server, in the case of a

community cloud, several organizations with similar backgrounds share the

infrastructure and resources.
 Best for Joint Business Organizations, Research Organizations etc..

 Examples include universities cooperating in certain areas of research, or

police departments within a county or state sharing computing resources.

 Advantages
- Cost effective because the whole cloud is shared between several organizations. So, it has less cost as compared to
the private cloud.
- Flexible and scalable because it is compatible with every user. It allows the user to modify the documents as per
their needs and requirements.
- Security; More secure as compared to the public cloud but less secure compared to the private cloud.
 Disadvantages
- Costly than the public cloud
- Community cloud is not a good choice for every organization.
- The fixed amount od data storage and bandwidth is shared among all community members.
CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE MODELS (SELF READ)

 The three major Cloud Computing services offered

are:
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 Different business use some or all of these

components according to their requirement.
SAAS (SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE)

• SaaS or software as a service is a software distribution model in which

applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to
customers over a network (internet).
• SaaS model allows to use software applications as a service to end users. i.e.
Google Doc.
• SaaS is becoming an increasingly widespread delivery model as underlying
technologies that supports Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) or Web
Services.
• Through internet this service is available to users anywhere in the world and is
compatible with almost all internet enabled devices.
• Examples of SaaS are BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox,
MailChimp, ZenDesk, DocuSign, Slack, Hubspot.
 PAAS (PLATFORM AS A SERVICE)

• Platform as a service, is referred as PaaS, it provides a platform and

environment to allow developers to build applications and services.
• This service is hosted in the cloud and accessed by the users via internet.
• It provides platform to support application development including software
support and management services, storage, networking, deploying, testing,
collaborating, hosting and maintaining applications.
• PaaS services are constantly updated and new features added.
• Some of the notable examples of PaaS are Apache Stratos, Amazon Web
Services, Elastic Beanstalk, CloudBees, Cloud Foundry, Google App Engine,
Heroku, and IBM SmartCloud.
IAAS (INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE)

 IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service) is one of the fundamental service model of

cloud computing alongside PaaS( Platform as a Service).
 It provides access to computing resources in a virtualized environment “the
cloud” on internet.
 It provides computing infrastructure like virtual server space, network
connections, bandwidth, load balancers and IP addresses.
 The pool of hardware resource is extracted from multiple servers and
networks usually distributed across numerous data centers.
 This provides redundancy and reliability to IaaS.
CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE (SELF READ)

• The Cloud Computing architecture can be broadly divided into two parts.
• Front end
• Back end
CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE

• The Cloud Computing architecture can be broadly divided into two parts.
• Front end
• Back end
• Front end consist client part of cloud computing system.
• It comprise of interfaces and applications that are required to access the cloud computing
platform. i.e. Web applications, mobile apps, thin clients
• Back end refers to the cloud itself, it comprises of the resources that are required
for cloud computing services.
• It consists of virtual machines, servers, data storage, security mechanism etc. It is under
providers control.
• Back end and front end are connected through a network, usually via Internet.
CLOUD COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE
IMPORTANT POINTS FOR BACK END
• It is the responsibility of the back end to provide built-in security mechanism,
traffic control and protocols.
• The server employs certain protocols, known as middleware, helps the
connected devices to communicate with each other.
• Cloud computing distributes the file system that spreads over multiple hard
disks and machines.
• Data is never stored in one place only and in case one unit fails the other will
take over automatically.
• The user disk space is allocated on the distributed file system, while another
important component is algorithm for resource allocation.
• Cloud computing is a strong distributed environment and it heavily depends
upon strong algorithm
CLOUD COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES (SELF READ)
 There are certain technologies that are working behind the cloud computing
platforms
 The technologies that making cloud computing flexible, reliable and usable.

 These technologies including.

Virtualization
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Grid Computing
Utility Computing
VIRTUALIZATION

 The main enabling technology for Cloud Computing is Virtualization.

 Virtualization is a partitioning of single physical server into multiple logical
servers.
 Once the physical server is divided, each logical server behaves like a physical
server and can run an operating system and applications independently.
 Virtualization is a technique, which allows to share single physical instance of an
application or resource among multiple organizations or tenants (customers).
 It does so by assigning a logical name to a physical resource and providing a
pointer to that physical resource when demanded.
SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE(SOA)
 Service-Oriented Architecture helps to use applications as a service for other
applications regardless the type of vendor, product or technology.
 Therefore, it is possible to exchange of data between applications of different
vendors without additional programming or making changes to services.
GRID COMPUTING
 Grid Computing is a middle ware to co-ordinate disparate IT resources(Pcs,
Servers, workstations, storage devices) across a network, allowing them to
function as whole.
 Grid Computing refers to distributed computing in which a group of
computers from multiple locations are connected with each other to achieve
common objective.
 These computer resources are heterogeneous (different types) and
geographically dispersed.
 Grid Computing breaks this complex.
UTILITY COMPUTING
 Utility computing is based on Pay per Use model.
 It offers computational resources on demand as a metered service.

 Cloud computing, grid computing, and managed IT services are based on the
concept of Utility computing.
 Through utility computing small businesses with limited budget can easily
use software like CRM (Customer Relationship Management) without
investing heavily on infrastructure to maintain their clientele base.
CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE (SELF READ)
 Cloud computing infrastructure consists of servers, storage, network,
management software, deployment software and platform virtualization.
 The cloud computing infrastructure components are shown in the figure below.
CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE

 HYPERVISOR
 Hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts as a Virtual Machine Manager.
It allows to share the single physical instance of cloud resources between several
tenants/customers.
 MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
 Management Software helps to maintain and configure the infrastructure.
 DEPLOYMENT SOFTWARE
 Deployment software helps to deploy and integrate the application on the cloud.
CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE
 NETWORK
 Network is the key component of cloud infrastructure. It allows to connect cloud services
over the Internet. It is also possible to deliver network as a utility over the Internet, i.e.,
the consumer can customize the network route and protocol.
 SERVER
 Server helps to compute the resource sharing and offer other services such as resource
allocation and deallocation, monitoring resources, security, etc.
 STORAGE
 Cloud uses distributed file system for storage purpose. If one of the storage resource fails,
then it can be extracted from another one which makes cloud computing more reliable.