Uses knowledge of text

structure to glean the

information he/she needs
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY
 What is it
Common Text Structures

Text structures (WDPI, 2012) refer to the way

authors organize information in text. Recognizing
the underlying structure of texts can help students
focus attention on key concepts and relationships,
anticipate what is to come, and monitor their
comprehension as they read.
Text Structure Definition Graphic Transition / Questions
Organizer Signal Words

Narrative Narrates an Descriptive - Who is the

event / story language narrative
with (adjectives, about? - Where
characters, adverbs, is it set? - What
setting, similes, and is the conflict? -
conflict, point metaphors Who is telling
of view, and the narrative?
plot - What is
happening?
Text Structure Definition Graphic Transition / Questions
Organizer Signal Words
Chronological, Present ideas First, What happens
Process, or or events in second, next?
Sequence the order in third…
which they - Later
happen - Next
- Before
- Then
- Finally
- After
- When
- Since
- Now/
previously
- Actual use of
dates
Text Structure Definition Graphic Transition / Questions
Organizer Signal Words

Cause and Provide - If/then - What

Effect explanations or Cause - reasons why happened?
reasons for #1 - as a result - Why did it
phenomena - therefore happen?
Cause
- because - What
#2 Effects - consequently caused it to
- since happen?
- so that - How did it
Cause - for affect you
#3 - due to or anybody
else?
Text Structure Definition Graphic Transition / Questions
Organizer Signal Words

Problem/ Identify - problem is - - What is the

Solution problems and - dilemma is problem?
- Why is this a
pose solutions Problem - if/then problem?
- because - Is anything
- so that being done to
- question/ try to solve the
answer problem?
Solution - What can be
- puzzle is done to solve
solved the problem?
Text Structure Definition Graphic Transition / Questions
Organizer Signal Words

Comparison Discuss two - However/yet - - What items

and Contrast ideas, events, - Nevertheless are being
compared?
or phenomena, - on the other - In what ways
showing how hand are they
they are - but/ whereas similar?
different and Differences Differences - similarly Different?
how they are - although - What
conclusion
similar - also/likewise does the
- in contrast/ author reach
comparison about these
Similarities - different items?
- either/or - What
conclusion
- in the same
way/ just as
Text Structure Definition Graphic Transition / Questions
Organizer Signal Words

Definition / Describes a - for example - What are the

Description topic by listing - characteristics most
important
characteristics, - for instance characteristics
features, - such as ?
attributes, and - including - how is it being
examples - to illustrate described
(what does it
look like, how
does it work,
etc.)?
- What is
important to
remember
about it?
 Why is Text Structure Important?
• The readers can significantly improve their comprehension and retention of
information when they can identify and recognize the text structure of a
text. It can also help them:
• 1. Organize information and details they are learning in their minds while
reading.
• 2. Make connections between the details being presented in a text
• 3. Summarize the important details shared in a text
 Why is Text Structure Important?
• At this stage, you should have several ideas on the
common text structures used in academic texts.
Keep in mind these ideas because you are going
to use your knowledge on text structures for
enhancing your skills in gleaning information.
Activity 3. Direction: Identify the text structure based on the
given statement. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

• _________1. This text structure is “how are things in the text similar or different.”
_________2. The text structure that discusses what is specifically being described.
_________3. The text structure that is written in a style that tells what happened
and why it happens.
_________4. This text structure tells what the conflict is, or problem, and how it
was solved.
_________5. The text structure that shows events taking place over time or gives
steps is…
Activity 3. Direction: Identify the text structure based on the
given statement. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

_________6. “Similar, same, alike, both, on the other hand, instead” are signal words for…
_________7. Before putting the model car together, we gathered our supplies. Then we
were able to read and follow the directions. Before long, our car was done.
_________8. Which type of text structure answers the question of what happened and
why?
_________9. Which type of text structure shows how two or more things are alike and
different?
_________10. The sentence structure that narrates a story.
Activity 4. Direction: Read the passages and
determine what sentence structure is used.
Choose your answer from the list of words
below. Write only the letter of your choice. You
may use a separate sheet in writing your
answers.
a. Narrative
b. Chronological/Sequence
c. Cause-Effect
d. Descriptive
e. Problem-Solution
f. Compare-Contrast
______1. There are two popular sports played at Milton,
basketball, and volleyball. Both take place inside of the
gym at Milton. Also, each sport has two teams of
people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played
off of the floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch
the floor, or it is out of play. Basketball and volleyball
are popular sports at Milton. What text structure is
this?
_____2. Lots of students fail classes. Some
students fail because the work is too hard for
them. Other times they may fail because they
are lazy, and don’t do any work. Another
reason why students may fail is if they don’t go
to school. If you’re not in class, you may miss a
lot. Many students fail classes every quarter.
What text structure is this?
_____3. Dr. Knapp doesn’t want people to sit back and let
the toad vanish. He believes that everyone is responsible
for restoring the toad species. Dr. Knapp thinks we could
help restore the toad population if we stop mowing
parts of our lawns and let the grass grow wild to reserve
space for the toad. He also believes we need to stop
using pesticides and fertilizers. The chemicals kill the
insects that toads eat. If we preserve some spaces in our
lawns and stop using fertilizers, Dr. Knapp believes we
can save the toads. What text structure is this?
_____4. Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s
career, as she stood on the huge platform in the giant
stadium and received an Olympic gold medal. Eighteen
months earlier she wasn’t thinking about running. She
was hoping that she would be able to walk again. Just four
years earlier, in the summer of 1988, as Devers was
training for the Olympic Games, to be held in Seoul, South
Korea, she began to feel very tired all the time and failed to
make the Olympic finals. What text structure is this?
_____5 The Eiffel Tower is divided into three
sections. I. The lowest section of the tower
contains the entrance, a gift shop, and a
restaurant. II. The middle section of the tower
consists of stairs and elevators that lead to the
top. III. The top section of the tower includes an
observation deck with a spectacular view of
Paris.
ASSIGNMENT
• Write an OBJECTIVE essay about the system of education in
the Philippines. Choose a specific text structure that you will
employ in your composition.
• Use of Artificial Intelligence apps are HIGHLY PROHIBITED
• Include support studies / statement from credible sources.
Criteria for Scoring:
Appropriate Use of Text Structure - 20 pts.
Convention - 15 pts.
Creativity and Organization - 15 pts.
Total - 50 pts.