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Unit I Lect III

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25 views9 pages

Unit I Lect III

Uploaded by

Vrinda Mathur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Techniques producing images on

CRT screen
Lecture: III

Dr. Ruchi Nanda


Associate Professor
Contents
⚫ Random Scan Display
⚫ Raster Scan Display
Random Scan Display

⚫ Random Scan System uses an electron beam which operates like a


pencil to create a line image on the CRT screen.
⚫ It creates one line at a time; also referred as vector displays (or
stroke-writing or calligraphic displays).
⚫ The picture is drawn out of a sequence of straight-line segments.
⚫ The component lines of a picture can be drawn and refreshed by a
random-scan system in any specified order.
⚫ Refresh rate on a random-scan system depends on the number of
lines to be displayed.
⚫ Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing commands in
an area of memory referred to as the refresh display file.
⚫ Sometimes the refresh display file is called the display list, display
program, or simply the refresh buffer.
⚫ To display a specified picture, the system cycles through the set of
commands in the display file, drawing each component line in turn.
⚫ After all line-drawing commands have been processed, the system
cycles back to the first line command in the list.
⚫ Random-scan displays are designed to draw all the component lines
of a picture 30 to 60 times each second.
Advantages:
⚫ A CRT has the electron beam directed only to the parts of the screen
where an image is to be drawn.
⚫ Produce smooth line drawings.
⚫ High Resolution
Disadvantages:
⚫ Random-Scan monitors cannot display realistic shades scenes.
⚫ Color limitations
Raster Scan Display
Raster: a rectangular array of points/dot.
An image is subdivided into a sequence of
strips/scan lines can be divided into pixels

⚫ In a raster-scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one
row at a time from top to bottom.
⚫ As the electron beam moves across each row, the beam intensity is
turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots.
⚫ Picture definition is stored in memory area called the refresh buffer or
frame buffer.
⚫ This memory area holds the set of intensity values for all the screen
points.
⚫ Stored intensity values are then retrieved from the refresh buffer and
“painted” on the screen one row (scan line) at a time.
⚫ Each screen point is referred to as a pixel or pel (shortened forms of
picture element).
⚫ The quality of a raster image is determined by the total number of
pixels (resolution) and the amount of information in each pixel
(color depth).
⚫ A black-and-white system: each screen point is either on or off, so
only one bit/pixel is needed to control the intensity of screen
positions. Such type of frame buffer is called Bitmap.
⚫ High quality raster graphics have 24 bits/pixel in the frame buffer
(a full color system or a true color system).
Beam refreshing is of two types:
⚫ When the beam starts from the top left corner and reaches the
bottom right scale, it will again return to the top left side called as
vertical retrace.
⚫ Then it will again move horizontally from top to bottom called as
horizontal retracing.
Advantages:
⚫ Realistic image
⚫ Million Different colors can be generated
⚫ Shadow Scenes are possible.
Disadvantages:
⚫ Low Resolution
⚫ Expensive
Types of Scanning or travelling of beam in Raster Scan
⚫ In Interlaced scanning, each horizontal line of the screen is traced from
top to bottom. Due to which fading of display of object may occur. This
problem can be solved by Non-Interlaced scanning. In this first of all odd
numbered lines are traced or visited by an electron beam, then in the next
circle, even number of lines are located.
⚫ For non-interlaced display refresh rate of 30 frames per second used. But it
gives flickers. For interlaced display refresh rate of 60 frames per second is
used.
⚫ A TV video signal is graphically interlaced, which means every full screen
of information is made up of two separate fields which include the odd field
and even field. First, the odd lines are printed on the graphics screen. Then,
the even lines are printed in between the odd lines before the odd lines fade
away. This all happens faster than any human eye can perceive.

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