CHAPTER 2

INPUT AND OUTPUT

Students should be able to:
• Identify at least 5 types input and output devices
• Students can differentiate among various types of keyboards:
standard, compact, on-screen, virtual, ergonomic, gaming, and
wireless
• Describe characteristics of various pointing devices: mouse,
touchpad, and trackball
• Describe various types of pen input: stylus, digital pen, and
graphics tablet
• Describe various uses of motion input, voice input, and video
input
• Differentiate among various scanners and reading devices
• Identify the purpose and features of speakers, headphones and
earbuds, data projectors, interactive whiteboards, and force-
feedback game controllers and tactile output
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What Is Input?
• Input is any data and
instructions entered
into the memory of a
computer
• An input device is any
hardware component that
allows users to enter data
and instructions into a
computer

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What Is Input?
Commonly used input methods include:

Pointing
Keyboard Touch screens Pen input
devices

Scanners and
Motion input Voice input Video input reading
devices

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Keyboards
A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device

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Keyboards
Most desktop computer keyboards have…

Typing area Function keys Toggle key

Navigation Keyboard Media control

keys shortcut keys buttons

Internet
control
buttons
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Keyboards
There are a variety of keyboard options for computers and mobile devices

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Keyboards

An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the

chance of repetitive strain injuries of wrist and hand
Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety in
the design of the workplace

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Pointing Devices

A pointer is a small
A pointing device is an
symbol on the screen
input device that allows
whose location and
a user to control a
shape change as a user
pointer on the screen
moves a pointing device

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Pointing Devices
A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably

• Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse

Paged 322 – 323

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Pointing Devices

• A touchpad is a • A trackball is a
Touchpad

Trackball
small, flat, stationary
rectangular pointing device
pointing device with a ball on its
that is sensitive top or side
to pressure and
motion

Pages 323- 324

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Touch Screens
A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display

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Pen Input

With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat

surface to write, draw, or make selections

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Pen Input

• A graphics tablet, also

called a digitizer, is an
electronic plastic board
that detects and
converts movements of
a style or digital pen
into signals that are
sent to the computer

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input
With motion input, sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Voice input is the

process of entering input
by speaking into a
microphone
• Voice recognition, also
called speech
recognition, is the
computer or mobile
device’s capability of
distinguishing spoken
words
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Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Audio input is the

process of entering any
sound into the computer
such as speech, music,
and sound effects
• Music production
software allows users to
record, compose, mix,
and edit music and
sounds

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input

Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing

them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium

Record video on a digital video

(DV) camera

Transfer video to a
computer or mobile device

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input
A webcam is a type of DV camera that enables a user to:

Send email Broadcast live

Capture video and
messages with images or video
still images
video attachments over the Internet

Conduct
Make video calls
videoconferences

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Motion, Voice, and Video Input
A videoconference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people

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Scanners and Reading Devices
A scanner is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can
process

• A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a copy

machine except it creates a file of the document in
memory instead of a paper copy

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Scanners and Reading Devices

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Scanners and Reading Devices

An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read

characters, marks, and codes and then converts them
into digital data that a computer can process
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)

OCR
Include small optical scanner for OMR
reading characters and Read hand-drawn marks, such as
sophisticated software to analyze small circles or rectangles.
what is read.

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Scanners and Reading Devices

• A bar code reader, also

called a bar code
scanner uses laser
beams to read bar
codes
• A QR code stores
information in both a
vertical and horizontal
direction

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Scanners and Reading Devices

RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to

communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
RFID can track:

Gauging
Tracking times of Tracking location of
Checking lift tickets Managing temperature and
runners in a people and other
of skiers inventory pressure of tires on
marathon items
a vehicle

Tracking payment
Checking out Providing access to Managing as vehicles pass
library books rooms or buildings purchases through booths on
tollway systems

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Scanners and Reading Devices
Magstripe readers read the magnetic stripe on the back of cards such as:

Credit cards

Entertainment cards

Bank cards

Identification cards

Other similar cards

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Scanners and Reading Devices

MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text printed

with magnetized ink
An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer
can process
Banking industry uses MICR for check processing

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Scanners and Reading Devices
A data collection device obtains data directly at the location where the transaction or event takes place

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What Is Output?

• Output is data that has

been processed into a
useful form

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Displays
A display visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.
A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device.
Types of monitor:

 CRT (cathode ray tube) monitor.

 LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor.
 TFT monitor.
 LED (light-emitting diodes) monitor.
 DLP monitor.
 Touchscreens monitor.
 Plasma Screen monitor.
 OLED monitor.
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Displays

The quality of a display depends primarily on its:

Resolution Response time Brightness

Dot pitch Contrast ratio

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Resolution – the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device.
Eg: A monitor that has 1440 x 900 resolution displays = 1,296,00 pixels to
create screen image. A higher resolution use a great number of pixels that
provides a smoother, sharper and clearer image.

Response time – time in millisecond (ms) that it takes to turn a pixel on and
off. Normally range from 3 to 16 ms. The lower the number the faster the
response time.

Brightness – Measures in nits. A nit is a unit of visible light intensity. The

higher the nits, the brighter the images.

Dot pitch – or pixel pitch is the distance in millimeters between pixels on a

display device. Average dot pitch on an LCD monitors and screens should be
.30 mm or lower. The lower the number, the sharper the image.

Contrast Ratio - Describe the difference in light intensity between the

brighter white and darkest black displayed on LCD monitor. Higher contrast
ratios represent colors better.

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Displays
Today’s monitors use a digital signal to produce a picture
To display the highest quality images, the monitor should plug into:

• A DVI port
• An HDMI port
• A DisplayPort

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Displays

• Home users sometimes

use a digital television
(DTV) as a display
• HDTV is the most
advanced form of digital
television
• A Smart TV is an
Internet-enabled HDTV

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Printers

• A printer
produces text
and graphics on
a physical
medium
• Before
purchasing a
printer, ask
yourself a series
of questions
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 Printer

Non – Impact Impact

Printer Printer

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Printers
A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually contacting the paper

Ink-jet Photo All-in-one Thermal

Laser printers
printers printers printers printers

Mobile Label Large-format

Plotters
printers printers printers

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Printers

An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying

tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
• Color or black-and-white
• Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute (ppm) it
can print

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Printers

A photo printer produces lab-

quality photos
• Many use ink-jet technology
• PictBridge technology allows you to print
photos directly from a digital camera that
PictBridge-compliance.
• Print from a memory card.
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Printers

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Printers

High-
speed

Black-
and-
Laser High-
white printer quality

Color

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Printers
An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes

• Also called a multifunction printer

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Printers
A 3-D printer uses a process called additive manufacturing to create an object by adding material to a three-dimensional object, one
horizontal layer at a time

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Printers
A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper.
Most commonly used to print items such as receipts and shipping labels.

A dye-sublimation printer is a
computer printer which uses heat to
transfer dye onto materials such as a
plastic, card, paper, or fabric.

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Printers
A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device

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Printers
A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items

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Printers
Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings
Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints

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Printers
Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts
the paper.
Example of impact printer:

Dot-matrix printer.
Drum printer.
Line printer.
Daisy-wheel printer.
Band printer.
Chain printer.

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Other Output Devices
Many users attach surround sound speakers or speaker systems to their computers, game consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-
quality sounds

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Other Output Devices

• Headphones are
speakers that cover or
are placed outside of
the ear
• Earbuds (also called
earphones) rest inside
the ear canal

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Other Output Devices

• A data projector is a
device that projects the
text and images
displaying on a
computer or mobile
device screen on a
larger screen so that an
audience can see the
image clearly

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Other Output Devices

• An interactive
whiteboard is a touch-
sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase
board, that displays the
image on a connected
computer screen

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Other Output Devices
Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing game controllers can be considered output devices when they include force feedback

• Technology that sends resistance to the device in

response to actions of the user

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Assistive Technology Input and Output

Head-mounted pointer Braille printer

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Summary

Several assistive
Variety of options
technology options
for input and
for input and
output
output

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