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Chp1-Introduction V2

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17 views32 pages

Chp1-Introduction V2

Uploaded by

syahmirsahari19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
Students should be able to:

⚫ Define the term of computer

⚫ Discuss the history & evolution of computer

⚫ Describe the categories of computers

⚫ Identify the components, types and functions of a


computer
What is Computer

⚫ Computer can be defined as an electronic device or


machine working under a set of instruction, to accept
data, process it into meaningful information and
store it for future use.
History and Evolution of Computer

⚫ Babbage and The Countess, Difference and


Analytical Engine
⚫ Most histories of the modern computer begin with
the Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles
Babbage.

⚫ Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace,


is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops
and subroutines and is sometimes considered the
first programmer.
Herman Hollerith, Tabulating Machine
⚫ In 1890 Herman Hollerith tabulating machine won in
competition that was held to find some way to speed the
counting process.

⚫ The machine uses electrical power rather than


mechanical to drive the device.

⚫ In 1896 he himself founded the Tabulating Machine


Company and in 1924 the successor to this company
merged with two other companies to form International
Business Machines Corporation – IBM.
The Modern Era

⚫ During late 1930s, Dr John V Atanasoff, a professor


from Iowa State University spent time trying to build
an electronic calculating device.

⚫ He and his assistant, Clifford Berry built the first


digital computer that worked electronically; the
‘ABC’ for Atanasoff Berry Computer.
⚫ In 1924 the world first general purpose electronic
digital computer was built by John Mauchly and his
assistant J. Presper Eckert.

⚫ Their invention was the ENIAC – Electronic


Numerical Integrator and Computer which able to
multiply a pair of numbers in about three
milliseconds.
⚫ Modern computers inherently follow the ideas of the
stored program laid out by John von Neumann in 1945.

⚫ Essentially, the program is read by the computer one


instruction at a time, an operation is performed, and the
computer then reads in the next instruction, and so on.

⚫ Recently, computers and programs have been devised


that allow multiple programs (and computers) to work on
the same problem at the same time in parallel.
Categories of Computers

Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers
Personal Computers

⚫ A personal computer can perform all of its input,


processing, output, and storage activities by itself
⚫ Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple
⚪ Desktop computer
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer Computing device
you can carry from small enough to hold
place to place in your hand

Examples include Examples include


notebook smart phones, PDAs,
computers, laptop handheld computers,
computers, netbooks, portable media
ultra-thins, and Tablet players, and digital
PCs cameras
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phone

PDA
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera
Game Consoles

⚫ A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games
Servers

⚫ A server controls
access to the
hardware, software,
and other resources
on a network
⚪ Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information
Mainframes

⚫ A mainframe is a
large, expensive,
powerful computer
that can handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
Ex: payroll computations,
accounting, airline seat
reservations, and etc.
Supercomputers

⚫ A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful


computer
⚪ Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one
quadrillion instructions in a single second
⚪ Ex: weather forecasting, data mining, oil and gas exploration and
etc.
Embedded Computers

⚫ An embedded computer is a special-purpose


computer that functions as a component in a larger
product

Process Computer Devices


Consumer Home Automation
Automobiles Controllers and and Office
Electronics Devices
Robotics Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling • Engine control monitoring • Printers
• Digital televisions systems modules systems • Faxes
• Cameras • Security • Airbag controller • Power monitors • Copiers
• Video recorders monitoring • Cruise control • Machine
• DVD players and systems controllers
recorders • Appliances • Medical devices
• Answering • Lights
machines
Embedded Computers
Core Component, Types and Computer Functions Components

⚫ Components
Terminologies
⚫ Input devices – Allows you to enter data and instructions into
a computer

⚫ Output devices – Hardware component that conveys


information to one or more people

⚫ System unit – Case that contains the electronic components of


the computer that are used to process data

⚫ Storage devices – Holds data, instructions, and information


for future use

⚫ Communication devices – Enables a computer to send and


receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or
more computers or mobile devices
⯍Input devices – e.g: mouse, keyboard, scanner, microphone, etc

⯍Output devices – e.g: screen, speaker, printer, etc

⯍System unit – consist of processor, memory, expansion cards, etc.

⯍Storage devices – e.g: diskette drive, hard disk, CD-ROM or DVD-


ROM drive, USB flash drive, memory card

⯍Communication devices – modem, router, hub, NIC, etc


⚫ Types
⚫ Analog – Uses arithmetic and logical operations. Eg:
computer used in flight centres to measure pressure
and temperature
⚫ Digital – Operations are on electrical input. Eg; ON=1
OFF=0 used in your personal computers
⚫ Hybrid – Combine both operations in analog and
digital computers Eg; computer used in hospital to
measure patient’s heartbeat
Computer functions (Information Processing Cycle)
⚫ All computers must be able to:
• Gather data
• Process data
• Store data
• Disseminate data
• Display data
Concept of Hardware and Software

⚫ Hardware
- The mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical
components making up a computer system.

⚫ Software
- A series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose, that tells the computer what task to
perform and how to perform them.
Prepared By: Ahsiah Ismail

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