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String

string

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punny
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15 views13 pages

String

string

Uploaded by

punny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strings

Strings

• Strings are used for storing text/characters.


• The string can be defined as the one-
dimensional array of characters terminated
by a null ('\0').
• Each character in the array occupies one byte
of memory, and the last character must always
be \0 (string end).
• format specifier : %s
Declaration
• There are two ways to declare a string in c language.
 By char array
 Char c[ 5 ] = {‘P’,’u’,’n’,’n’,’y’}; c[2] =l;

0 1 2 3 4 5

P u n n y \0

size is not mandatory


 By string literal
 char ch[]=“Punny";
Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char ch[10]={'C', 't', 'r', 'a', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'n', 'g', '\0'};
char ch2[10]="ctraining";

printf("Char Array Value is: %s\n", ch);


printf("String Literal Value is: %s\n", ch2);
return 0;
}
String Functions
strcpy
• The strcpy() function copies the string pointed
by source (including the null character) to the
destination.
• The strcpy() function also returns the copied
string.
• The strcpy() function is defined in
the string.h header file.
String Copy
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char ch[20]={'c', 't', 'r', 'a', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'n', 'g', '\0'};
char ch2[20];
strcpy(ch2,ch);
printf("Length of string is: %d,\n",strlen(ch));
printf("Value of second string is: %s",ch2);
return 0;
}
strcmp()

• The strcmp() compares two strings character


by character. If the strings are equal, the
function returns 0.
Example
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[] = "abcd", str2[] = "abCd", str3[] = "abcd";
int result; // comparing strings str1 and str2
result = strcmp(str1, str2);
printf("strcmp(str1, str2) = %d\n", result);
// comparing strings str1 and str3
result = strcmp(str1, str3);
printf("strcmp(str1, str3) = %d\n", result);
return 0;
}
gets() function which reads string from the
console.
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char str1[20],str2[20];
printf("Enter 1st string: ");
gets(str1);//reads string from console
printf("Enter 2nd string: ");
gets(str2);
if(strcmp(str1,str2)==0)
printf("Strings are equal");
else
printf("Strings are not equal");
return 0;
}
C gets() and puts() functions
• The gets() and puts() are declared in the header file stdio.h. Both the
functions are involved in the input/output operations of the strings.
• gets() function
• The gets() function enables the user to enter some characters
followed by the enter key. All the characters entered by the user get
stored in a character array. The null character is added to the array to
make it a string. The gets() allows the user to enter the space-
separated strings. It returns the string entered by the user.
• Declaration
• char[] gets(char[]);
• puts() function
• The puts() function is very much similar to printf() function. The puts()
function is used to print the string on the console which is previously
read by using gets() or scanf() function.
Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char name[50];
printf("Enter your name: ");
gets(name); //reads string from user
printf("Your name is: ");
puts(name); //displays string
return 0;
}
• Thanks

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