NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

Faculty of Engineering and Computing

Department of Software Engineering
 SOFTWARE DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE

LECTURE NO. 6

Introduction to Software Engineering Design

Course Instructor: Mr. Ahsan Arif

Lecturer
Department of Software Engineering
NUML Islamabad

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 LECTURE CONTENTS
 Introduction to Sequence Diagram (Process View)
 What is sequence diagram?
 What are the different parts of sequence diagram?
o Message passing and its types
o Loop and condition in sequence diagram
o Frames in sequence diagram
 How to draw sequence diagram?
 Example of drawing sequence diagram with Case Study

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UML – SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
Introduction to SEQUENCE diagram
Sequence diagram is also called an event diagram or event scenario.

Sequence diagram = Event diagram or Event scenario

The UML diagram which shows an interaction between objects arranged in

a time sequence is a Sequence Diagram.

Interaction Diagram

Collaboration Diagram Sequence Diagram

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 What is SEQUENCE diagram?
 The sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that shows details on
how operations are carried out like what messages are sent and when.
 Sequence Diagram illustrates
o how the different parts of a system interact with each other to carry
out a function, and
o the order in which the interactions occur when a particular use case is
executed.

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 SEQUENCE – Diagram
 Objects of the classes communicate by sending and receiving messages

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 SEQUENCE – Diagram
 A sequence diagram is structured in such a way that it represents a
timeline that begins at the top and descends gradually to mark the
sequence of interactions. Each object has a column and the messages
exchanged between them are represented with arrows.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
1. Dimension:
 A sequence diagram is drawn in two dimensions, Horizontal and
Vertical.
‒ Object Dimension
‒ Time Dimension

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
1. Dimension:
 A sequence diagram is drawn in two dimensions, Horizontal and
Vertical.
‒ Object Dimension
‒ Time Dimension

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
2. Actor:
 Anyone how use to perform a certain function in the system is actors.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
3. Lifeline:
 A lifeline represents an individual participant in the interaction.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
4. Activation:
 A thin rectangle box on a lifeline represents the time needed for an
object to complete a task.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
 A message defines a particular communication between Lifelines of
an interaction.
5.1. Synchronous Messages
This message is used when a sender must wait for a response to a
message before it continues.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
5.2. Asynchronous Messages
An asynchronous message does not wait for a response from the
receiver before the sender continues.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
5.3. Return Message
A return message is used to indicate that the message receiver is done
processing the message and is returning control over to the message
caller.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
5.4. Create Message
To represent the new object created in the process of the execution,
create a message is used.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
5.5. Reflexive Messages
Sometimes an object needs to communicate with the same class
methods.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
5.6. Object Destruction
As soon as the object does not need any more in further process, object
destruction is called which is deleting the object.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
5. Message:
5.7. Comment
A comment or note can be used to reflect the various remarks to the
elements.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
6. Focus of Control:
The focus of control indicates times during activation when processing
is taking place within that object.
Waiting Time

Execution Time

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
7. Control Object:
The control object is to manage the collaboration of objects which gives
effect to the Use Case Process.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
8. Boundary Object:
Most use cases imply at least one boundary object that manages the
dialogue between the actor and the system.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
9. Guards:
When modeling object interactions, there may be a certain condition that
must be met for a message to be sent to the object. To model conditions,
like if condition in programming, we use guards in sequence diagrams.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
10. Alternative:
Alternative in sequence diagram symbolizes a choice between two or
more message sequences. To model a choice of the message with a
condition like if – else condition in programming, we use an alternative.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
11. Optional:
Optional is similar to Guards where the fragment executes only if the
supplied condition is true.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
12. Parallel:
In parallel, each fragment is run in parallel. If the condition is match,
each fragment or the message will execute parallel.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
13. Loops:
The fragment may execute multiple times which may be need to model
in a diagram. Loops fragment is used to represent a repetitive sequence
and it is very similar in appearance to the optional.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
14. Sequence Diagram:
The entire sequence diagram is surround by the box or frame and inside
the frame’s name, label with text sd:Process Name.

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 Different parts of SEQUENCE Diagram
Beside these, there are other notation like
Negative: The fragment shows an invalid interaction.
Reference: refers to an interaction defined on another diagram. The frame
is drawn to cover the lifelines involved in the interaction. You can define
parameters and a return value.

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

1 Find the Domain Classes

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

2 Control Object Lifeline

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

3 Boundary Object Lifeline

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

4 Actor Lifeline

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

5 Adding Messages

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

6 Draw Object Lifeline

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

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 How to Draw a Sequence Diagram

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 References

1. https://creately.com/guides/sequence-diagram-tutorial/
2. https://robhosking.com/14-sequence-diagram-activity-diagram/

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Thank You...

Mr. Ahsan Arif

Lecturer (Dept. of Software Engineering)
[email protected]